Amiga Plus 1995 #2/Amiga Plus CD - 1995 - No. 2.iso/internet/faq/englisch/comp.groupware-bibliography

Text File | 1995-04-11 | 134.4 KB | 3,707 lines

Archive-name: comp-groupware-faq/bibliography1
Last-modified: 1994.3.20
Version: 2.0
Copyright: 1994 (c) David S. Stodolsky, PhD


Groupware Bibliography
======================

This posting is primarily a test of the new setext format (see the
guidelines for further information). No attempt has been made to
organize this list, beyond removing obvious duplicates. Appearance
of an entry does not constitute an endorsement. Absence from the
list does not constitute a rejection. Send corrections and additions
to the copyright holder.

dss




Journals with articles about groupware
--------------------------------------
Academy of Management Journal
Accounting, Management and Information Technologies
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems
Behaviour and Information Technology
British Journal of Management
Collaborative Computing
Communications of the ACM
Concurrent  Engineering: Research & Applications
Decision Support in Public Admin.
Decision Systems
Group Decision and Negotiation
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics
Information Systems
Interacting with Computers
International Journal of Man Machine Studies
International Journal on Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems
Journal of Applied Psychology
Journal of MIS
PRESENCE
Management Science
MIS Quarterly
Small Group Research


HCI Bibliography
----------------
The HCI Bibliography provides an updated listing of articles with some
coverage of groupware:

A bibliography on human-computer interaction available via anonymous
FTP to anyone on the internet.

Holdings include the complete ACM SIGCHI conference proceedings for
1983-1990, the complete abstracted contents of the journal
Human-Computer Interaction, and the contents of several edited
handbooks (with release of detailed tables of contents and abstracts
pending publisher approval).  Also included are over 100 entries on
books and major reports on HCI.

To obtain info on the bibliography, or an index of holdings, use
anonymous FTP to cheops.cis.ohio-state.edu, in dir pub/hcibib.  There
are two files, README and index that provide information on contents,
as well as the bibliography itself.

Table 1: Books in the HCI Bibliography
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Baecker & Buxton's "Readings in HCI" (1987)
    Helander's "Handbook of HCI", (1988) Elsevier/North-Holland
    Salvendy's "Handbook of Human Factors", (1987) Wiley
    modules of books, videos, etc.

Table 2: Conference Proceedings in the HCI Bibliography
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    BCS-HCI: People and Computers (1985-1991), Cambridge
    CHI: Human Factors in Computing Systems (1982-92), ACM
    CSCW: Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (1988,90), ACM
    Document Processing Systems (1988), ACM
    ECHT: European Conference on Hypertext (1990), Cambridge
    EP: Electronic Publishing (1990), Cambridge
    ESP: Empirical Studies of Programmers (1986, 87, 91), Ablex
    HFS: Human Factors Society Annual Meeting (1990), HFS
    Hypertext Conference (1987, 89, 91), ACM
    Hypertext I and II (1988, 89), Intellect
    INTERACT: HCI Conference (1984, 87, 90), Elsevier/North-Holland
    SIGIR: Information Retrieval (1987-92), ACM
    SIGOIS: Organizational Computing Systems (1991), ACM
    SIGOIS: Office Automation (1982, 84, 86, 88,90), ACM
    UIST: User Interface Software and Technology (1988-91), ACM

Table 3: Journal Volumes in the HCI Bibliography
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    BIT: Behaviour and Information Technology (1982-1991), Taylor & Francis
    HCI: Human-Computer Interaction (1985-91), Erlbaum
    IJHCI: Intl. Jl. of Human-Computer Interaction (1989-91), Ablex
    IJMMS: Intl. Jl. of Man-Machine Studies (*-1991), Academic Press
    IWC: Interacting with Computers (1989-91), Butterworth-Heinemann
    JOC: Jl. of Organizational Computing (1991), Ablex
    SIGCHI: Bulletin (1988-91), ACM
    TOG: Transactions on Graphics (1986-91), ACM
    TOIS: Transactions on (Office) Information Systems (1982-91), ACM


Computer-Mediated Communication
-------------------------------
J. December at [e-mail] has put together a
list of Computer-Mediate Communications resources. This is from his FTP site:
   Anonymous ftp Host: ftp.rpi.edu; Directory: pub/communications/

   File                 Explanation
   -------------------- ------------------------------------------------
   internet-cmc.readme  this file

   internet-cmc.dat     the `raw data' file for other internet-cmc files,
                        tagged according to the KEY, described below.

   internet-cmc         a human-readable (wide column) version which can be
                        manipulated or reformatted using Unix scripts;
                        some scripts are suggested in this file itself.

   internet-cmc.txt     a human-readable version which stays in 80-columns;
                        useful for reading as static text (printed or
                        online), but not as useful for scanning and
                        reformatting as internet-cmc

   internet-cmc.tex     the LaTeX version (source)

   internet-cmc.ps.Z    the compressed PostScript version

   internet-cmc.html    the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) version
                        Thanks to Kevin Hughes ([e-mail])
                        for developing an early version of the software to
                        convert internet-cmc.dat to internet-cmc.html.
                        Link to this file with the URL:
                        ftp://ftp.rpi.edu/pub/communications/internet-cmc.html

   internet-cmc.dvi     the device-independent (binary) version

   internet-cmc.gif     The graphics image that I use in the .html
                        version.

   internet-cmc.bib     This is a selected listing of items related to
                        Computer-Mediated Communication, the Internet,
                        and network information infrastructure and use.


   The source code for translating internet-cmc.dat into its various
   formats is available on request.


Mac Groupware Yellow Pages
--------------------------
ftp://netcom.com/pub/consensus/groupware

This is from the "Recommended Books" section from the latest edition of
the "Mac Groupware Yellow Pages". If you have other books that you think
are a "MUST PURCHASE" book for people interested in groupware, please let
me know.

********

*Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: A Book  of Readings* by Irene Grief
This collection of papers from older CSCW Conferences was published in
1988, and contains all the seminal academic papers on the topic.
COST: $39.95
Morgan Kaufman Publishers; [phone]; f(415) 578-0672

*CSCW '88 & '90 Proceedings* These academically focused papers cover most
of the research on groupware since 1988. COST: CSCW '88 order #612880 $24
for ACM members, $33 for non-members. CSCW '90 order #612900 $22 for
members, $30 for nonmembers.
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM); [phone] or
[phone]

*Groupware: Computer Support for Business Teams* By Robert Johansen This
book is still a good introduction to the field of groupware, though a
little out of date (it was published in 1988.) This book focuses on
groupware for corporations and managers, and it is a good overview of the
field. COST: $27.95 The Free Press; [phone]

*Leading Business Teams* by Johansen, Sibbet, Benson, Martin, Mittman &
Saffo This is a more recent book by the author of "Groupware". It
explores the intersection of technology and business teams, including
enhancing team effectiveness, turning groupware ideas into business
reality, team dynamics, a visions for the future. COST: $23.75
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; [phone]

*Shared Minds: The New Technologies of Collaboration* by Michael Schrage
Schrage is known for his nationally syndicated 'Innovation' column. This
book explores "the role of tools and technologies in shaping the
collaborative process." Unique in this book is a focus first on needs of
collaboration before computers. This book was published in '90.
COST: $21.95
Random House; [phone]

*Technology for Teams: Enhancing Productivity in Networked Organizations*
by Susanna Opper & Henry Fersko-Weiss This is the most recent book on
groupware, and approaches groupware from a corporate perspective. Every
stage of electronic teamwork is covered, from definition to
implementation. Especially valuable is the coverage of the steps that a
corporation must take to commit itself to groupware, and some case
studies of corporate implementation. COST: $29.95
Van Nostrand Reinhold; [phone]

I wanted to warn people away from the book "Groupware for the Macintosh"
by Michael Fraase. I was very disappointed in it. This 1991 book reads as
more of an introduction to 1990 networking apps (such as pre-System 7
file sharing and QuickMail) than as survey of existing Mac groupware
applications. It's only merit is its attempt to cover some history
and issues, but this section is far too brief.

********

| Christopher Allen                         Internet: [e-mail] |
| Consensus Development                             Tel: [phone] |
| 3182 Campus Drive #501                            Fax: [phone] |
| San Mateo, CA 94403-3123                                              |


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LOTUS NOTES MAILING LIST ARCHIVE
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Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 14:55:43 -0500 (EST)
From: "noteslist" <gandp![e-mail]>

                  LOTUS NOTES MAILING LIST ARCHIVE

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Innovation Lab Design
---------------------
Date: 21 Dec 1993 12:29 MST

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail]
(Patricia Gonzalez) writes...
>I am investigating sources and information about the proper design
>of innovation labs. What can be done to build an innovation room
>...
>Does anyone know:
>1. Relevant papers/books on the topic?

    I think these are the four key papers, but certainly there are several
    other important ones.  These papers will cite several others of
    interest to you.

    Mantei, M.
      Capturing the Caputre Lab Concepts: A Case Study in the Design of
      Computer Supported Meeting Environments (CSCW, 88)
      Marilyn is now with the CAVEcat project at U of Toronto.

    Martz, W. B., Chappell, D. A., Roberts, E. E., & Nunamaker, J. F.
      Designing Integrated Information Facilities to Support Electronic
      Meetings (HICSS Proceedings, 1991).
      [e-mail]

    Lewe, H & Krcmar, H.
      The Design Process for a CSCW Research Lab - The Hohenheim CATeam
      Room Example.  I am not sure where this was published.  They have
      written several pertinent papers.  You might try writing to Henrik to
      get a listing of them.
      [e-mail]

    Olson, G. M., Olson J. S., Mack, L. A., Cornell, P., & Luchetti, R.
      Flexible Facilities for Electronic Meetings.  Chapter 10 in Computer
      Augmented Teamwork by Bostrom, Watson, and Kinney (1993) Van Nostrand
      Reinhold.
    Also take a look at CSMIL Tech Report #33 from the U
      of Michigan.  It is worth your while to order this - but it is an
      overlap with the cited chapter.

>2. Consultants/professors who specialize in innovation lab design?

    Philip Stone and Robert Luchetti.  Stone is a Management Professor at
    Harvard.  Luchetti is an architect with a practice in Cambridge, MA.
    You can get Luchetti's business number by calling information.  They
    have written two or three Harvard Business Review articles together
    which might interest you.  Luchetti also has given talks at EDRA
    (Environmental Design Research Association) the last couple of years on
    this subject.  Luchetti does not have an email address.

    David Chappell.  Chappell designed the first three rooms built at
    Arizona.  He has a consulting firm call Intrepid and is probably
    available for consulting.  His address is [e-mail]

    Steelcase.  Paul Cornell is with an R&D group at Steelcase which has
    been looking into creative systems furniture to support group
    collaboration.  They were involved with the Michigan work.

    Marilyn Mantei.  I am not sure if she is still doing room design work
    at all.  Her '88 paper was probably the first paper to look at these
    issues.  She is with the Computer Science Department at U of Toronto
    and is very active with SIGCHI and the CSCW conferences.

    Henrik Lewe and Helmut Krcmar have built two room at the University of
    Hohenhiem.  They have taken a very scientific approach to room design
    and have documented their work in a series of papers.  If you are
    interested in group collaboration environments you should contact them
    for their bibliography.

    Lisa Neal manages the EDS Center for Meeting Intelligence in Boston.
    She has given tutorial on Computer Supported Meeting Environments at
    several recent conferences.  She can be reached at [e-mail]

    Nicholas Romano and I have been working on a paper in collaborative
    meeting room design here at the University of Arizona.  I have
    informally consulted with many people who have visited Arizona in the
    process of planning their group rooms.  My dissertation is in the area
    of GSS support for architectural planning and I am currently the senior
    GSS facilitator at Arizona.  If you give me a phone call or write me
    directly I will be happy to speak to you further on this subject.

>3. Examples of what major companies have done to create innovation rooms?

    EDS has built at least three Centers for Meeting Intelligence.  Lisa
    Neal would be a good first contact to learn more about there work.

    Arthur Andersen has built a group meeting facility and has a research
    group in this area.  A contact with them might be Beth Lange at
    [e-mail]

    Ventana is the marketer of GroupSystems and enjoys a close relationship
    with the University of Arizona.  They probably offer meeting room
    design consultation.  You might call them at 602-325-8228.

    Xerox Parc Co-Lab has published a number of papers related to this
    topic.  I understand that they have dismantled their room (but this is
    second hand information and I am far from certain.)

    The Pod was built by ICL in Berkshire, England.  I am not sure how to
    contact them, but certainly some reader of this group must know.

    U of Hohenheim.  Lewe and Krcmar work is discussed above.

    U of Arizona.  There are several active projects which might be of
    interest to you.  We are developing "the Mirror Project" which is a
    virtual conference table stretched across multiple sites.  And Mark
    Pendergast is working on software called "TeamRoom" which is kind of a
    virtual reality extension of some of the Co-Lab ideas and some of
    Arizona's "Shared Visions" ideas.  As this work is ongoing, no papers
    have come out of it yet.

    Good luck.
===========================================================================
daniel david mittleman     -     [e-mail]     -     [phone]


Investigation of Decision Support Systems
-----------------------------------------
This is a part of a list of materials for "Investigation of Decision Support
Systems" Winter, 1989, Dept. of Computer Science, Copenhagen University:

Abdel-Wahab, H. M., Guan, S.-U. & Nievergelt, J. (1988, November). Shared
workspaces for group collaboration: An experiment using Internet and UNIX
interprocess communications. IEEE Communications Magazine, 26, 10-16.

Christine, B. & Bennett, J. (1991). "Groupware in Practice: An Interpretation
of Work Experiences." in Charles Dunlop & Rob Kling (Eds.) Computerization and
Controversy: Value Conflicts and Social Choices. Boston, Academic Press.

Cohen, D. & ISI Research Staff. (1976, July). Network secure communication. In
ISI Research Staff (Eds.), A research program in computer technology, annual
technical report, July 1975-June1976 (Tech. Rep. ISI/SR-76-6). Marina del Rey,
CA.: University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute.

Jarvenpaa, S. L., Rao, V. S., and Huber, G. P. (Dec. 1988). "Computer support
for meetings of groups working on unstructured problems, _MIS Quarterly_, 12,
645-666.

Johansen, R. (1988). Current user approaches to groupware. Chapter 2. (pp.
12-44). In Groupware.  NY: Free Press.

Kraemer, K. L. & King, J. L. (1988). Computer-based systems for cooperative
work and group decisionmaking. ACM Computing Surveys, 20(2), 115-146.

Lewe, H. & Krcmar, H. (1990, Oct.). The design process for a CSCW research lab
- The Hohenheim CATeam room example (Working paper Nr. 15). Stuttgart,
Germany: Hohenheim University. ([1991, Jan.]. Proceedings of the 24th Hawaii
International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS), Negotiation Support
Systems mini-track.

Stodolsky, D. (1984). Social marketing applied to executive decision support
systems. Organisatoriske Fragmenter 1984, 12, 59-66. Reprinted in Nils
Villemoes (Ed.), Organisatoriske Fragmenter (Erhvervsoekonomisk information).
Copenhagen: Civiloekonomernes Forlag.

Stodolsky, D. (1987). Dialogue management program for the Apple II computer.
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 19, 483484.

Stodolsky, D. (1988, September). Self-management of criticism in dialogue.
Fourth European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Cambridge, UK: European
Society for Cognitive Ergonomics.

Stodolsky, D. (1989, June 9). Pseudonym-Based Peer Review Journals [Letter].
Communication Research and Theory Network (CRTNET), No. 190. (Available by
electronic mail from [e-mail] at University Park, PA: The
Pennsylvania State University, Department of Speech Communication and
[e-mail] at Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Department of Language, Literature, and Communication)

Stodolsky, D. S. (1990). Protecting expression in teleconferencing: Pseudonym-
based peer review journals. Canadian Journal of Educational Communication, 19,
41-51.

Stodolsky, D. (1990). Archiving secure interactions. Psychological Science,
1(6), 353-354. ([1990, May 25]. (Comments on Gardner's Electronic Archive by
Stodolsky. Psycoloquy, 1[8]. [Available by anonymous ftp from PRINCETON.EDU in
directory /pub/harnad at Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, Dept. of
Psychology.])

Stodolsky, D. S. (1990, August 24). Archives and organization: The social
potential of electronic publishing. Psycoloquy, 1(11). [Available by anonymous
ftp from PRINCETON.EDU in directory /pub/harnad at Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University, Dept. of Psychology.])

Wagner, G. R. & Nagasundaram, M., Meeting process augmentation: The real
substance of GDSS. In Lee, R. M., McCosh, A. M., & Migliarese, P. (Eds.)
(1988). Organizational decision support systems. Amsterdam: North Holland.


Conversation with Eye Contact
-----------------------------
Ishii, Hiroshi and Ohkubo, Masaaki, Design of TeamWorkstation:  A Realtime
Shared Workspace Fusing Desktops and Computer Screens

Ishii, Hiroshi and Kobayashi, Minoru, ClearBoard: A Seamless Medium for
Shared Drawing and Conversation with Eye Contact

both references in:
Readings in Groupware and Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: Assisting
Human-Human Collaboration, Baecker, Ronald M. (ed.), Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, Inc. 1993 [ISBN: 1-55860-241-0]

Notes Books/Training
--------------------
Newsgroups: comp.groupware
From: [e-mail] (Richard Gill)
Subject: Notes Books/Training (was Re: Lotus Notes Coexistance on...)
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 1994 15:41:36 GMT

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Dave Bixler) writes:
...
>PS:  I'm also looking for suggestions on GOOD Notes reference/how to books.
>It's my company's alternative to training, so they're paying.  So $ is no
>object.  Thanks again!

I am currently working with several books; here are brief thoughts
on each:

1. Lotus Notes Application Developer's Reference (Release 3)

   Well done reference with good organization and illustrations.
   Certainly the best coverage of @Functions although some more
   arcane operations (e.g. Macro subroutines) are mentioned briefly
   without elaboration or examples.

2. Creating Lotus Notes Applications by Lisa Pyle (Que)

   Cut from the same cloth as #1 above. A bit more "cook book" with
   helpful hint lists and "Tips" liberally spread throughout. Not as
   much technical detail at #1 but a very good companion reference.

3. HELP! Lotus Notes 3.0 by John Helliwell (Ziff-Davis)

   Good coverage of system administration issues as well as an
   introduction to development. No heavy teckie stuff here but
   a lot of good answers to real-world questions and problems.
   Besides, any book with topic titles like "Why Won't the Damn
   Thing Connect?" deserves some bookshelf space.

4. 10 Minute Guide to Lotus Notes Release 3 by Kate Barnes (Alpha Books)

   Every end-user, administrator and developer needs a copy of this
   book. In 19 chapters, each of which can easily be covered in 10
   minutes, the author walks through all aspects of begin a Notes
   user. The simple straightforward writing, along with good illustrations
   and organization, make this book valuable as both an introduction
   to Notes and a reference.

5. Using Lotus Notes by Mark Schulman (Que)

   A heavy duty reference for the serious Notes user or administrator.
   There are complete sections for all Notes functions including background
   information about how and why the function works; much more than briefer
   "how to" books. It also includes a very useful troubleshooting section.
   This book will keep you one step ahead of your users !-)

The other material I found useful as an alternative to classroom
Notes training is the Lotus Notes Computer Based Training prepared by
CBT Systems. These well designed courses cover concepts, administration
and development in the Notes environment. The best part is that you can
move at your own pace; the down side is that you don't have an
experienced instructor help you through the rough spots. Not cheap,
but a good value; you can have dozens of people take these courses
for about the cost of sending a single person to the "regular" classes.

Hope this helps.

--
Dick Gill                                              [e-mail]
Gill & Piette/Capital Systems                          uunet!gandp!dick
1568 Spring Hill Road, McLean, VA 22102                 [phone]


Groupware Users and Vendors Association
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (DavidC121)
Newsgroups: comp.groupware
Subject: Join GUAVA
Date: 9 Mar 1994 16:30:10 -0500


GUAVA (Groupware Users and Vendors Association)  is just getting started, we
have some intersting research projects going, and are starting to form
committees to examine standards for the groupware arena.  There are a wide
variety of benefits and discounts associated with joining GUAVA.  If you would
like some information on GUAVA, or to join, as an individual or organization,
please contact me and I or the organization's secretary will respond by e-mail
with membership information.

David Coleman
GUAVA Founder


Groupware Product and Services Catalog 1994
-------------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (DavidC121)
Newsgroups: comp.groupware
Subject: Groupware Product and Services Catalog 1994
Date: 9 Mar 1994 16:30:48 -0500

Last year we compiled a product and services catalog of vendors and service
providers in all the areas that groupware covers:   Electronic Mail and
Messaging
 Shared Screen Products, Shared Memory Products, Calendaring and Scheduling,
 Group Decision Support Systems/ EMS, Group Document and Image Management,
Workflow, Workgroup Utilities, Groupware Development Tools
Group Editing,  Groupware Services, Groupware end-user and vertical
applications.

Last years catalog had about 200 products and services, we believe that this
year that number will double with all the new products and services available.
If you have a groupware product or service that you would like to list in the
catalog, listing is free. Please contact me via internet and we will send you
the listing form electronically.  You can complete it and e-mail it back to us
befor the May deadline.

The catalog will be available in August at the GroupWare '94 conference in San
Jose, CA.  We will offer the catalog at a discount to those who contibute a
listing to it.  Thank you in advance for your support. If you have any
questions or would like a catalog entry form, contact me at: [e-mail]

Sincerely,

David Coleman
Project Initiator



David S. Stodolsky, PhD      Internet: [e-mail]
Inst. of Political Science               Internet: [e-mail]
Univ. of Copenhagen, Rosenborgg. 15            Tel.: + 45 32 97 66 74
DK-1130 Copenhagen K, Denmark                   Fax: + 45 31 59 76 44
Archive-name: comp-groupware-faq/bibliography2
Last-modified: 1994.2.26
Version: 2.0
Copyright: 1994 (c) David S. Stodolsky, PhD


Groupware Bibliography - Part 2
===============================


Software for Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
------------------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Dave Marca ZKO2-3/K06 381-1801 19-Dec-1991
1532)
Subject: RE: Books for Groupware Programming
Date: 19 Dec 91 20:43:58 GMT
Organization: DEC Cambridge Research Lab

IEEE Press/IEEE Computer Society, 10662 Los Vaqueros
Circle, Los Alamitos, CA 90720.

                                IEEE Tutorial

                                  GROUPWARE:
                Software for Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

                                 David Marca
                                Geoffrey Bock

 FOREWORD...................................................................

 PREFACE....................................................................

 INTRODUCTION: "Groupware: The Next Generation of Information Systems?"
      Bock, G...............................................................


 1. GROUPS AND GROUPWARE....................................................

 1.1. SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN
      "Learning from User Experience With Groupware" Bullen, C., Bennett,
      J., Proceedings of CSCW'90; October 1990..............................

 1.2. COMMUNICATION, COLLABORATION, COORDINATION
      "Groupware: The Research and Development Issues," Ellis, C., Gibbs,
      S., Rein, G., revised and extended from CACM Vol 34 No 1; January
      1991..................................................................

 1.3. GROUP BEHAVIOR & EVOLUTION
      "Primer on Group Dynamics for Groupware Developers," Cole, P.,
      Nast-Cole, J. invited paper...........................................


 2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS...................................................

 2.1. AUGMENTATION
      "Authorship Provisions In Augment" Englelbart, D., Proceedings of
      COMPCON'84; February 1984.............................................

 2.2. LANGUAGE
      "Computer Support for Cooperative Design" Bxdker, S., Knudsen, J.,
      Kyng, M., Ehn, P., Madsen, K. Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on
      Computer-Supported Cooperative Work; September 1988...................

 2.3. COORDINATION
      "What Is Coordination Theory And How Can It Help Design Cooperative
      Work Systems?" Malone, T., Crowston, K., Proceedings of CSCW'90;
      October 1990..........................................................


 3. DESIGN METHODS..........................................................

 3.1. DESIGN AS COGNITION
      "User-Centered Design of Collaboration Technology" Olson, G., Olson,
      J., Journal of Organizational Computing Vol. 1, No. 1; 1991..........

 3.2. DESIGN AS INTERVENTION
      "Computer Systems and the Design of Organizational Interaction"
      Flores,F., Graves, M., Hartfield, B., Winograd, T., in ACM
      Transactions on Office Information Systems; April 1988............

 3.3. ENHANCING DESIGN METHODS
      "Augmenting SADT To Develop Computer-Supported Cooperative Work"
      Marca, D., Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
      Software Engineering; May 1990........................................

<FF>

 4. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES -- SYSTEM CAPABILITIES............................

 4.1. MULTI-MEDIA ELECTRONIC MAIL
      "Power, Ease of Use and Cooperative Work in a Practical Multimedia
      Message System" Borenstein, N., Thyberg, C.  International Journal
      of Man-Machine Studies Vol. 34; 1991..................................

 4.2. PERSONAL NAMING
      "Relevance of the X.500 Directory to CSCW Applications" Prinz, W.,
      Pennelli, P.,  Proceedings of 1st European Conference on CSCW;
      September 1989........................................................

 4.3. CONNECTIVITY FOR CONFERENCING
      "Replicated Document Management in a Group Communication System"
      Kawell, L., Beckhardt, S., Halvorsen, T., Ozzie, R., Grief, I.,
      Proceedings of CSCW'88; September 1988................................

 4.4. HYPERTEXT
      "Hypertext: An Introduction and Survey" Conklin, J., IEEE Computer;
      September 1987........................................................


 5. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES -- USER INTERFACES................................

 5.1. THE "DESKTOP" METAPHOR
      "The Xerox Star: A Retrospective" Johnson, J., Roberts, T., Verplank,
      W., Smith, D., Irby, C., Beard, M., Mackey, K., IEEE Computer;
      September 1989........................................................

 5.2. THE "ROOMS" METAPHOR
      "Rooms: The Use of Multiple Virtual Workspaces to Reduce Space
      Contention in a Window-based Graphic User Interface" Henderson,
      D., Card, S., ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 5 No. 3; July 1986...

 5.3. THE "OFFICE BUILDING" METAPHOR
      "Approaching Group Communication By Means Of An Office Building
      Metaphor" Madsen, C.  Proceedings of 1st European Conference on
      CSCW; September 1989..................................................


 6. COMPUTER SUPPORTED MEETINGS.............................................

 6.1. FACE-TO-FACE MEETINGS
      "Beyond the Chalkboard: Computer Support for Collaboration and
      Problem Solving in Meetings," Stefik, M., Foster, G., Brobow, D.,
      Kahn, K., Lanning, S., Suchman, L.  Communications of the ACM;
      January 1987..........................................................

 6.2. GROUP INTERACTION TOOLS
      "Electronic Meeting Systems to Support Group Work" Nunamaker, J.F.,
      Dennis, A., Valacich, J., Vogel, D., George, J., CACM Vol. 22, No.
      7; July, 1991.........................................................

 6.3. DISTRIBUTED MEETINGS
      "Experiences in the Use of a Media Space" Mantei, M., Baecker, R.,
      Sellen, A., Buxton, W., and Milligan, T., CHI '91 Conference
      Proceedings; March 1991...............................................

<FF>
 7. BRIDGING TIME AND SPACE.................................................

 7.1. COMPUTER CONFERENCING
      "Structuring Computer-Mediated Communication Systems To Avoid
      Information Overload" Hiltz, R., Turoff, M., Communications of
      The ACM, Vol. 28, No. 7; July 1985....................................

 7.2. COLLABORATIVE AUTHORING
      "Supporting Collaboration in Notecards" Trigg, R., Suchman, L.,
      Halasz, F.  Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Computer-Supported
      Cooperative Work; December 1986.......................................

 7.3. USING ELECTRONIC MAIL
      "Diversity in the Use of Electronic Mail: A Preliminary Inquiry"
      Mackay, W., ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems; October
      1988..................................................................
.

 7.4. ENABLING SOCIAL PROTOCOLS
      "Object Lens: A 'Spreadsheet' for Cooperative Work" Lai, K., Malone,
      T., Yu, K., ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, Vol. 6,
      No. 4; October 1988...................................................

 8. COORDINATORS............................................................

 8.1. COORDINATION LANGUAGE
      "Diplans: "A New Language for the Study and Implementation of
      Coordination" Holt, A., ACM Transactions On Office Information
      Systems; April 1988...................................................

 8.2. PETRI-NET FORMALISMS
      "The Communication Disciplines of CHAOS"  DeCindio, F., DeMichelis,
      G., Simone, C., in Concurrency And Nets, Springer-Verlag; 1988........

 8.3. COMMUNICATION STRUCTURES
      "Local and Global Structuring of Computer Mediated Communication:
      Developing Linguistic Perspectives on CSCW in COSMOS" Bowers, J.,
      Churcher, J., Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Computer-Supported
      Cooperative Work; September 1988......................................

 8.4. CONVERSATION TOOLKITS
      "Strudel -- An Extensible Electronic Conversation Toolkit" Sheperd,
      A., Mayer, N., Kuchinsky, A., Proceedings of CSCW'90; October 1990....

 9. WHAT MAKES FOR EFFECTIVE SYSTEMS?.......................................

 9.1. INCREASED USER INVOLVEMENT
      "The Supplier's Role in the Design of Products for Organisations"
      Eason, K., Harker, S., The Computer Journal, Vol. 31, No. 5; 1988.....

 9.2. COOPERATIVE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
      "Twinkling lights and Nested Loops: Distributed Problem Solving and
      Spreadsheet Development" Nardi, B., Miller, J., International
      Journal of Man-Machine Studies Vol. 34; April 1991....................

 9.3. NO DISPARITY BETWEEN END-USERS
      "Why CSCW Applications Fail: Problems in the Design and Evaluation
      of Organizational Interfaces" Grudin, J. Proceedings of the 2nd
      Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work; September 1988.....

 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................

 INDEX......................................................................


Roles in Meetings
-----------------
From: [e-mail] (Robin Lampert)
Subject: Literature on Roles in Meetings
Date: 18 Jun 92 00:24:34 GMT
Organization: Cognitive Science and Machine Intelligence Lab, U. of Michigan

--- Purpose of Post
A few months ago, I posted asking for for information or references
to empirical or observational research on the role or activities that
people fulfill in work-group meetings (e.g., recording decisions,
avoiding digressions, keeping the agenda).  This posting is about some of
the information I've found.  (There's more, but this was already way to
long.)

--- About the Literature
* Much of the literature on groups comes from the 1950's and 60's.
  There's a current resurgence of interest in groups and teams.
* Much of the work from the '50s & '60 was done by people affiliated
  with the National Training Laboratories (NTL).
* There are several very different definitions of "role" in the
  literature.  McGrath describes five diffent sets of literature about
  "roles".
* There are hundreds, if not thousands, of books with advice on how to
  hold a meeting.
* There is very little empirical work on groups, meetings and roles.
  (In fact, I probably found as many comments lamenting this fact, as
  articles or books reporting data and results.)

--- What's Included Here
Since I'm still making my way through what I'm finding, I can't
personally recommend all of the following list.  It is an edited
list of responses (from both usenet and other sources -- discussions
with various faculty members, library searches).  I have tried to weight
it towards the most frequently/highly recommended books.  I have
not included the "how to" books.

--- Top Three
Probably the most commonly mentioned authors were Bales, Hackman
and McGrath.  (Note:  The call numbers may not be exactly right,
but they're close.  The UofM libraries sometimes use a slightly
different call number than the standard.)  Some of their works
are:

Bales , Robert F. _Interaction Process Analysis:  A Method for the
Study  of Small Groups_.  The University of Chicago Press;  1950,
and 1976?; c1950; ISBN: 0-226-03618-9.  Call number:  HM 291 .B18
1976  Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:  76-15042.

Bales, Robert Freed,  _Personality and Interpersonal Behavior_.
Holt, Rinehart and Winston; c1970; ISBN: SBN:  03-080450-7.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:  71-84682.  Call number:
HM 133 .B18

Hackman, J. Richard (ed.).  _Groups that work (and those that
don't):  creating conditions for effective teamwork_.  1st ed.
Jossey-Bass, 1990.  ISBN:  1555421873  Call number HD 66 .G761
1990

Hackman, J. Richard. The design of work teams. in: Lorsch, Jay W.,
(ed.). Handbook of Organization Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall; c1987.

Hackman, J. Richard; Kaplan, Robert E.  Interventions into group
process:  An approach to improving the effectiveness of groups.
Decision Sciences; 1974; 5: pp.  459-480.

McGrath, Joseph E. _Groups:  Interaction and Performance_.
Prentice-Hall, Inc.; 1984; ISBN: 0-13-365700-0.  Call number HM
131 .M3771 1984
Chapter 18 is especially relevant to roles.

McGrath, Joseph E. and Altman, Irwin. _Small Group Research:  A
Synthesis and Critique of the Field_. Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
Inc.; 1966.  Call number HM 131 .M135

--- Other recommendations:

Tom McFeat 1974. Small Group Cultures. Pergommon. He examined the
transmission of information in experimental and natural small groups.

If you don't mind going back a few years, you will find some good
ideas in the Role Theory chapter in the Handbook of Social Psychology,
G. Lindzey and E. Aronson (Eds.) Volume 1, 1968  The chapter written
by V. Allen and T. R. Sarbin mentions briefly the work of Bales, who
was the most influential researcher in the 50s and 60s.

Also  Mann, R. D., Gibbard,G.S and Hartman, J.J.(1967)
INTERPERSONAL STYLES AND GROUP DEVELOPMENT, (Wiley).

I suggest you scan recent editions of the Annual Review of
Psychology for reviews of group process research.

Biddle, Bruce J.; Thomas, Edwin J., Editors  Role Theory:  Concepts
and Research.  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; c1966.  Call number HM 131
.B58  Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:  66- 11520.
A fairly comprehensive look at role theories.

Couch, Carl J.  Researching Social Processes in the Laboratory.
JAI Press Inc.; c1987. (John Clark, Department of Sociology,
University of Minnesota. Contemporary Studies in Sociology:
Theoretical and Empirical Monographs; v. 6); ISBN: 0-89232-823-1
Library of Congress Card Number:  87-2758.
Not really about roles, but it is a good introduction to how to do
empirical studies of groups.


Hare, A. Paul. Handbook of Small Group Research: The Free Press of  Glencoe.

Mills, Theodore M., The Sociology of Small Groups. Prentice-Hall, Inc.;
1967.

Hosking, Dian-Marie; Morley, Ian E. A Social Psychology of Organizing:
People Processes and Contexts.  Wheatsheaf c1991; ISBN: 0-7450-1053-9
0-7450-1054-7 pbk.  Call number HM 131 .H775 1991.

Polley, Richard Brian; Hare, A. Paul; Stone, Philip J., (Eds.).
The SYMLOG Practitioner. New York, Westport, Connecticut, London:
Praeger; 1988; c1988; ISBN: 0-275-92364-9.  Call number HM 133
.S89 1988  Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:  87-37684.
SYMLOG is a form of coding which comes out of Bales' work.

Schein, Edgar H. Organizational psychology. 2d ed. ed.; 1972;
c1970. 3d ed. ed.; 1980.  ISBN: 0136413404 0136413323 (pbk.)
Schein, Edgar H. Process consultation; 1969; c1987; 2 volumes.
Schein, Edgar H.; Bennis, Warren G.,  (eds?)  Personal and
organizational change through group methods: the laboratory
approach.  c1965.
Includes appendices about the "National Training Laboratories",
their fellows, associates, etc.

Shaw, Marvin E.,  Group Dynamics:  The Psychology of Small Group
Behavior. 3rd ed.  McGraw-Hill Book Company.  Call number HM 133
.S53 1981

Smith, Peter B. Groups Within Organizations:  Applications of Social
Psychology to Organizational Behaviour.  Harper & Row, Publishers;
c1973; ISBN: 06-318008-0 (cloth) 06-318009-8 (paper).  Call number
HM 131 .S66

Stogdill, Ralph M. Individual Behavior and Group Achievement:  A
Theory:  The Experimental Evidence. New York: Oxford University
Press; 1959;

Thibaut, John W.; Kelley, Harold H., The Social Psychology of Groups. ? ed.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  Call number HM 251 .T43 1986.

Tubbs, Stewart L.  A Systems Approach to Small Group Interaction. 3rd ed.
Random House.  Call numberHD66 .T821 1984

--- A few references dealing specifically with groupware:

Elam, Joyce J.; Walz, Diane  A study of conflict in group design
activities:  Implications for computer-supported cooperative work
environments.  Edited by: Konsynski, B. R. Proceedings of the
Twenty-First Annual  Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences.  Vol.III.  Decision Support and Knowledge Based Systems
Track; 5-8 January 1988;   Kailua-Kona, HI, USA; 1988; c1988; III:
pp. 247-54. x+533 pp.; ISBN: 0 8186 0843 9.

Nunamaker, J. F.; Applegate, Lynda M.; Konsynski, Benn R.
Computer-Aided Deliberation: Model Management and Group Decision
Support.   Computer-Aided Deliberation: Model Management and Group
Decision Support.  _Operations Research_  Vol: 36  Iss: 6  Nov/Dec
1988  pp: 826-848   Jrnl Code: OPR  ISSN: 0030-364X

Olson, Gary M.; Olson Judith S.; Storrosten, Marianne; Carter,
Mark R.; Herbsleb, James; Rueter, Henry, University of Michigan.
The  structure of activity during design meetings. To appear in:
T. Moran & J. Carroll, (Eds.). _Design Rationale_.

Poole, Marshall Scott; Roth, Jonelle  Decision development in
small groups IV:  A typology of  group decision paths. Human
Communication Research; Spring 1989; 15(3): pp. 323-356.

Richard Watson, Gerardine DeSanctis and Marshall Scott Poole
Using a GDSS to facilitate group consensus:  some intended and
unintended consequences
September 1987 [draft?] forthcoming, MIS Quarterly


Graduate course in CSCW
-----------------------

From: [e-mail] (Saul Greenberg)
Subject: Course on groupware
Date: 10 Jun 92 07:58:10 GMT

I taught a graduate course in CSCW this past fall, in the Department of
Computer Science at U of Calgary.  I used a reading list instead of a a text
(enclosed below), and some students presented their own papers not included
in the list. (Videos of systems were also shown).  The critical component
for learning were the extensive discussions we had.

Student assignments were:
    -presentation and leading discussions of papers in class
    -critical review of 4 papers
    -in-depth critical review of an area
    -a project, usually involving system building or evaluation
Projects included things like:
    -evaluating use of mail, especially on how messages are
     related to each other
    -implementation of a system that displays who is around, and
     connecting appropriate media channels
    -foundations of a groupware toolkit
    and so on.

The course worked out really well. The readings were also reasonable,
although I would probably change some of them.

CPSC 601.13
Computer Supported Cooperative Work

Conceptual Overviews

1. Greenberg, S. (1990) ''Feasibility study of a national high speed
communications networks for research and development: Future applications.''
Research Report, Learning and Collaborationg Group , Advanced Computing and
Engineering Department, Alberta Research Council, Calgary, Alberta.

2. Bair, J. H. (1989) ''Supporting cooperative work with computers:
Addressing meeting mania.'' In Proceedings of the 34th IEEE Computer Society
International Conference--CompCon Spring, p208-217, San Francisco, CA,
February 27-March 3.

3.Bannon, L. J. and Schmidt, K. (1989) ''CSCW: Four characters in search of
a context.'' In Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Computer
Supported Cooperative Work (EC-CSCW '89), p358-372, Gatwick, U.K., September
13-15, Computer Sciences House, Sloug, UK.

General Issues

4. Ellis, C. A., Gibbs, S. J. and Rein, G. L. (1991) ''Groupware: Some
issues and experiences.'' Comm ACM, 34(1), p38-58, January.

5. Grudin, J. (1989) ''Why groupware applications fail: Problems in design
and evaluation.'' Office: Technology and People, 4(3), p245-264.

6. Johansen, R. (1988) Groupware: Computer Support for Business Teams , The
Free Press, Macmillan Inc., New York. Excerpt, Ch 1 and 2.

7. Cockburn, A. J. G. and Thimbleby, H. (1991) ''A reflexive perspective of
CSCW.'' ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 23(3), p63-68, July.  Electronic
mail/Asynchronous Communication

8. Sproull, R. (1991) ''A lesson in electronic mail.'' In Connections: New
ways of working in the networked organization, p177-184, L. Sproull and S.
Kiesler ed.MIT Press.

9. Eveland, J. D. and Bikson, T. K. (1988) ''Work group structures and
computer support: A field experment.'' In Proceedings of the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88), p324-343, Portland, Oregon,
September 26-28, ACM Press.

10. Mackay, W. (1988) ''More than just a communication system: Diversity in
the use of electronic mail.'' In Proceedings of the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88), p344-353, Portland, Oregon,
September 26-28, ACM Press.

11. Malone, T. W., Grant, K. R. and Turbak, F. A. (1986) ''The Information
Lens: An intelligent system for information sharing in organizations.'' In
Proceeding of the SIGCHI Human Factors in Computing Systems, p1-8, Boston,
Mass, April 13-17, Association for Computing Machinery. Reprinted in Olson
(1989).

12. Borenstein, N. and Thyberg, A. (1988) ''Cooperative work in the Andrew
message system.'' In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported
Cooperative Work (CSCW '88), p306-323, Portland, Oregon, September 26-28,
ACM Press.

13. Mackay, W., Malone, T. W., Crowston, K., Rao, R., Rosenblitt, D. and
Card, S. K. (1989) ''How do experienced Information Lens users use rules?''
In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,
Austin, Texas, April 30-May 4, ACM Press.

14.Winograd, T. (1988) ''Where the action is.'' Byte, December.

15. Winograd, T. (1988) ''A language/action perspective on the design of
cooperative work.'' Human Computer Interaction, 3(1), p3-30. Reprinted in
Greif, 1988. An earlier version appeared in CSCW '86.

16. Lai, K.-Y. and Malone, T. W. (1988) ''Object Lens: A 'spreadsheet' for
cooperative work.''  In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported
Cooperative Work (CSCW '88), p115-124, Portland, Oregon, September 26-28,
ACM Press.

Computer Support for face to face meetings

17. Tang, J. C. (1991) ''Findings from observational studies of
collaborative
work.'' Int J Man Machine Studies, 34(2), p143-160, February. In the special
edition on CSCW & Groupware. Republished in Greenberg, 1991.

18. Jay, A. (1976) ''How to run a meeting.'' Harvard Business Review, 54(2),
p43-57, March-April.

19. Stefik, M., Bobrow, D. G., Foster, G., Lanning, S. and Tatar, D. (1987)
''WYSIWIS revised: Early experiences with multiuser interfaces.'' ACM Trans
Office Information Systems, 5(2), p147-167, April. An earlier version
appeared in CSCW '86.

20. Mantei, M. (1989) ''Observations of executives using a computer
supported meeting environment.'' Decision Support Systems, 5, p153-166,
June.

21. Tatar, D. G., Foster, G. and Bobrow, D. G. (1991) ''Design for
conversation: Lessons from Cognoter.'' Int J Man Machine Studies, 34(2),
p185-210, February.  In the special edition on CSCW & Groupware. Republished
in Greenberg, 1991.

22. Nunamaker, J. F., Dennis, A. R., Valacich, J. S., Vogel, D. R. and
George, J. F. (1991) ''Electronic meeting systems to support group work.''
Comm ACM, 34(7), p40-61, July.

Computer Support for remote meetings

23. Greenberg, S. (1990) ''Sharing views and interactions with single-user
applications.'' In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Conference on Office
Information Systems, p227-237, Cambridge, Massachusets, April 25-27.

24. Minneman, S. L. and Bly, S. A. (1991) ''Managing a trois: A study of a
multi-user drawing tool in distributed design work.'' In ACM SIGCHI
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, p217-224, New Orleans,
April 28-May 2, ACM Press.

25. Greenberg, S., Roseman, M., Webster, D. and Bohnet, R. (1992) ''Issues
and experiences designing and implementing two group drawing tools.'' In
Proceedings of Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Kuwaii,
Hawaii, January, IEEE Press.

26. Kraut, R., Egido, C. and Galegher, J. (1988) ''Patterns of contact and
communication in scientific collaboration.'' In Proceedings of the
Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88), p1-12,
Portland, Oregon, September 26-28, ACM Press.

27. Egido, C. (1988) ''Video conferencing as a technology to support group
work: A review of its failures.'' In Proceedings of the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88), p13-24, Portland, Oregon,
September 26-28, ACM Press.

28. Smith, R. B., O'Shea, T., O'Malley, C., Scanlon, E. and Taylor, J.
(1989)  ''Preliminary experiences with a distributed, multi-media,problem
environment.''  In Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Computer
Supported Cooperative Work (EC-CSCW '89), Gatwick, U.K., September 13-15,
Computer Sciences House, Sloug, UK.

29. Fish, R. S., Kraut, R. E. and Root, R. W. (1992) ''Evaluating video as a
technology for informal communication.'' In ACM/SIGCHI Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems, Monteray, California, May, ACM Press.
In Press.

_____________________________________________________
Dr Saul Greenberg    ([e-mail])
Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta CANADA T2N 1N4
Phone: [phone]   Fax: [phone]

Also see: CSCW Bibliography  ftp from: ftp.cpsc.ucalgary.ca
directory: pub/CSCWbibliography/README


Virtual realityE>and synchronous CSCW
------------------------------------

From: [e-mail] (Christian Wilk)
Subject: Summary of VR&CSCW
Date: Tue, 1 Feb 1994 13:52:16 GMT

Here is the summary of my request on VR & synchronous CSCW. Every article
is seperated by an underline.

------------------------------

Benford, Steve and Lennart Fahlen (1993), 'A spatial model of
interaction in large virtual environments' In Prodeedings of
ECSCW-93, ed. G. De Michelis, C. Simone, & K. Schmidt, 13-17
September, Milan: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

------------------------------

BrickNet: A Software Toolkit for Network-Based Virtual Worlds

Gurminder Singh, Luis Serra, Willie Png, Hern Ng

Institute of Systems Science
National University of Singapore
Kent Ridge
Singapore 0511.

[e-mail]

Abstract

Network-based virtual worlds allow multiple
virtual worlds connected on a network to
share information with one another. The
development effort required to produce a
network-based virtual world is quite large.
The BrickNet toolkit simplifies this
development by providing the standard
facilities required by a wide range of
network-based virtual worlds. It provides
support for graphical, behavioral and
network modeling of virtual worlds in an
object-oriented fashion. BrickNet enables
graphical objects to be maintained, managed,
and used efficiently, and permits objects to be
shared by multiple virtual worlds. In this
paper, the architecture and implementation of
BrickNet are described.

------------------------------

Benford, S., Ingram, R. and Rodden,T. (1992).  Exploiting virtual
reality as a conceptual model for CSCW. In Proceedings of IEE
Colloquium on 'Using Virtual Worlds' (Digest No.093) (pp. 1/1-5).
London, UK: IEE.

Harashima, H. (1993).  Towards intelligent visual media.  Journal of
the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan.  vol.47, no.1,
pp. 18-23.

Suzuki, G., Sugawara, S., Watanabe, K. and Nagashima, Y. (1993).
Virtual collaborative workspace. NTT Review.  vol.5, no.2.  pp. 74-81.

Wexelblat, A. (1993).  The Reality of Coperation: Virtual Reality and
CSCW.  In A. Wexelblat (Ed.)  Virtual Reality: Applications and
Explorations, pp. 23-44.  Cambridge, MA: Academic Press Professional.

------------------------------

I recently read an interesting series of articles on VR in the October
1993 issue of IEEE Spectrum.  On page 30, one of the articles in the
series (entitled "A 'Room' with a 'View'") talks about a research
project, at the Electronic Visualization Laboratory of the University
of Illinois at Chicago, called the Cave.  To quote the short
introduction to the article:

    "To match virtual reality to real tasks, researchers built
     a smoothly functioning walk-in system mostly from off-the-shelf
     components."

------------------------------

You could take a look in /pub/MultiG at ftp.kth.se.  The MultiG project has
generated some papers on CSCW and VR.  Unfortunately not everything is in
the ftp archive.  You could also talk to Lennart E Fahlen <[e-mail]> who
can point you to further research.


Collaborative Multimedia Scientific Design
------------------------------------------

V. Anupam and C.L. Bajaj
Collaborative Multimedia Scientific Design in SHASTRA,
Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Multimedia'93,
Anahiem, CA.


Desktop videoconferencing Report
--------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Janicewolf)
Newsgroups: comp.groupware
Subject: Desktop videoconferencing Report
Date: 2 May 1994 18:21:11 -0400

Applied Business teleCommunication's (ABC)has just released its "Desktop
Videoconferencing Report" .

The report is a 3-ring binder that is updated quarterly.  It includes essays
from industry leaders, comparative product matricies and individual write-ups
on products and manufacturer and distributor contact listings.

The report is $150 and includes the initial binder and 3 quarterly updates.


Volume 1, Quarter 1 includes:
Section 1 - Introduction
                - Editorial Advisory Board
                - Industry/Vendor Contact list
                - Glossary of Desktop videoconferencing Terminology
Section 2 - Essays
                - Desktop Videoconferencing:  An Introduction
                - Personal Video Communications: Desktop Videoconferencing

                   and Consumer Videotelephony
                - Networking Approaches
                - Desktop Video for Instruction
Section 3 - Product Reports
Section 4 - Matrix Comparison Charts
                - Features
                - Platforms
                - Networking
                - Packages

Mapping Logical Arguments
-------------------------
Newsgroups: alt.hypertext,comp.groupware
From: "Michael Chui" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: Looking for Designs for Mapping Logical Arguments
Date: Sat, 30 Apr 1994 19:58:27 -0500

In article <[e-mail]>,
Dave Kosiur <[e-mail]> wrote:
>In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Peter
>Johnson) writes:
>> I'm interested designs for representing information organized around
>> the deconstruction of logical arguments. The general task I have in
>> mind is the analysis of public policy but I am also interested in
>> finding other more generic or specific designs, or prototypes which
>> may provide some ideas.
>
>Take a look at the IBIS and gIBIS systems.

    You also might want to look at the following reference:

Smolensky, Bell, Fox, King & Lewis, "Constraint-Based Hypertext for
Argumentation" in _Hypertext '87 Proceedings_, ACM, 1989.

    A gIBIS paper follows Smolensky et al.  A third paper by
Catherine Marshall involving modeling of a type of policy decision-
making process is also included in those Proceedings, and would also
probably be of interest.

Michael Chui
[e-mail]



David S. Stodolsky, PhD      Internet: [e-mail]
Inst. of Political Science               Internet: [e-mail]
Univ. of Copenhagen, Rosenborgg. 15            Tel.: + 45 32 97 66 74
DK-1130 Copenhagen K, Denmark                   Fax: + 45 31 59 76 44
Archive-name: comp-groupware-faq/bibliography3
Last-modified: 1994.2.26
Version: 2.0
Copyright: 1994 (c) David S. Stodolsky, PhD


Groupware Bibliography - Part 3
===============================


GLOBAL NETWORKS: Computers and International Communication
----------------------------------------------------------
Those of you interested in issues and applications of global networks may
find the recent book, GLOBAL NETWORKS, of value.  The 21 chapters written
by leaders in networking from around the world, examine global networks
from a range of perspectives: design, policy, cross-cultural communication,
and future directions and focus on applications of global networks in
education, work, and social communication.

I hope that you will find Global Networks, the book, stimulating and
relevant.

Cordially,
Linda Harasim
---

GLOBAL NETWORKS: Computers and International Communication

edited by
Linda M. Harasim

email (Internet):  [e-mail]

1993
MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts and
London, England

Contents
Preface

Part 1 Overview

1 Global Networks: An Introduction
Linda M. Harasim

2 Networlds: Networks as Social Space
Linda M. Harasim

3 The Global Matrix of Minds
John S. Quarterman

4 A Slice of Life in My Virtual Community
Howard Rheingold

Part 2 Issues

5 Jurisdictional Quandaries for Global Networks
Anne Branscomb

6 Computers, Networks, and Work
Lee Sproull and Sara Kiesler

7 Integrating Global Organizations through Task/Team Support Systems
Marvin Manheim

8 Cross-Cultural Communication and CSCW
Hiroshi Ishii

9 Global Networking for Local Development: Task Focus and Relationship
Focus in Cross-Cultural Communication
Jan Walls

10 Information Security: At Risk?
Michael Kirby and Catherine Murray

Part 3 Applications

11 Building a Global Network: The WBSI Experience
Andrew Feenberg

12 Computer Conferencing and the New Europe
Robin Mason

13 Global Education through Learning Circles
Margaret Riel

14 Technology Transfer in Global Networking: Capacity Building in Africa
and Latin America
Beryl Bellman, Alex Tindimubona, and Armando Arias, Jr.

15 Islands in the (Data)Stream: Language, Character Codes, and Electronic
Isolation in Japan
Jeffrey Shapard

16 Cognitive Apprenticeship on Global Networks
Lucio Teles

17 Computer Networks and the Emergence of Global Civil Society
Howard Frederick

Part 4 Visions for the Future

18 Social and Industrial Policy for Public Networks: Visions for the Future
Mitchell Kapor and Daniel Weitzner

19 Co-Emulation: The Case for a Global Hypernetwork Society
Shumpei Kumon and Izumi Aizu

20 Sailing through Cyberspace: Counting the Stars in Passing
Robert Jacobson

21 The Global Authoring Network
Linda M. Harasim and Jan [e-mail]

Appendix
Contributors
Notes
References
Index


***********
>From the MIT Press blurb:

GLOBAL NETWORKS takes up the host of issues raised by the new networking
technology that now links individuals, groups, and organizations in
different countries and on different continents.  The twenty-one
contributions focus on the implementation, applications, and impact of
computer-mediated communication in a global context.

Previously limited to scientific research, global networks now have an
impact on social, educational, and business communications.  Individuals
with a personal computer, a modem, and some simple software can join a new
social community that is based on interest, not location.  GLOBAL NETWORKS,
which was written largely with the assistance of the Internet, provides an
understanding of the issues, opportunities, and pitfalls of this new social
connectivity.  It looks at how networking technology can support and
augment communication and collaboration from such perspectives as policy
constraints and opportunities, language differences, cross-cultural
communication, and social network design.

July 1993---340 pp. -- $29.95
0-262-08222-5  HARNH


COLLABORATIVE LEARNING THROUGH COMPUTER CONFERENCING
----------------------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Morten Soby)
Subject: Collaboration & Computer Conferencing
Date: 27 Aug 92 10:40:10 GMT
Organization: PFI/UiO

Essential reading for anyone interested in sailing through the
storms and thrills of computer conferencing and distance education...

COLLABORATIVE LEARNING THROUGH COMPUTER CONFERENCING
The Najaden Papers

edited by Anthony R. Kaye
Institute of Educational Technology, Open University, UK

================================================================
A book prepared as a result of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop
held on the sailing ship Najaden during a journey from
Copenhagen to Stockholm in July 1991. Published by Springer-Verlag

(NATO ASI Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences, Special
Programme AET, Vol 90) Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 260 pp
Published August 1992,  Hardcover, DM 88,-  ISBN 3-540-55755-5
================================================================

CONTENTS

Preface:  Arne Welin, Captain of the Najaden

Introduction and acknowledgements

1 Learning Together Apart:  Anthony Kaye

Part I  COMPUTER CONFERENCING IN PRACTICE

2 Telematic support for in-service teacher training:  Cristina Simon
3 Waiting for Electropolis:  Morten Soby
4 Computer-mediated communication in management learning:
  David McConnell
5 International Online Teams: Elaine McCreary & Madge Brochet
6 Collaborative learning in a large-scale conferencing system:
  Jesus Rueda

Part II  WAYS OF UNDERSTANDING ONLINE COLLABORATION

7 Evaluation methodologies for conferencing applications:
  Robin Mason
8 Content analysis of computer conferences:  France Henri
9 A case study approach to evaluation:  Michael Waggoner
10 Talking, teaching and learning in network groups:   Sara Kiesler
11 Collaborative learning in networked organisations:  John Gundry

Part III  ISSUES IN SOFTWARE DESIGN

12 The challenge of conferencing systems design:  Oliver Vallee
13 Metaphors and interface design:  Elsebeth Sorensen
14 Human interfaces to promote collaboration:  Gary Alexander
15 Towards a hypermedium for collaborative learning?: Alain Derycke
16 Computer conferencing functions and standards:  Jacob Palme
17 Hardware and software systems and architecture: Jens Ambrosius


BCS Computer Supported Cooperative Work Book Series
---------------------------------------------------
Date:   Wed, 21 Oct 1992 10:45:10 PDT
From: Colston Sanger <[e-mail]>

Announcing the BCS Computer Supported Cooperative Work Book Series

Series editors: Dan Diaper (University of Liverpool, UK) and
Colston Sanger (GID Ltd, UK)

The Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) series is the result
of a unique collaboration between the UK CSCW Special Interest Group,
the British Computer Society, and Springer-Verlag.

CSCW's synergistic combination of computing science and software
engineering with a range of theoretical and applied human sciences is
producing insights that promise to make it one of the most exciting
areas of everyday computer use in the 1990s.

The CSCW series will provide state-of-the-art material for an international
interdisciplinary audience.  The aim is to give an overview of current
knowledge, research and debate for designers, users and students of
CSCW systems.

                        ----------------------

CSCW in Practice: An Introduction and Case Studies
Dan Diaper and Colston Sanger (Eds.)
Soft cover.  192pp (approx).  UK pounds 24.95
ISBN 3-540-197B4-2
Publication: February 1993

CSCW in Practice: An Introduction and Case Studies provides an
Introduction to the technical and human aspects of CSCW, from the
perspectives of the technology, the users, and the user interface.

The authors examine what has, or can be done with existing technology,
and discuss CSCW as a set of issues, rather than a set of technologies.
Particular topics such as collaborative writing, conferencing, office
automation, decision support and process modelling are covered by
case studies. A description of a CSCW system that was tested, and failed,
in a commercial application is included, and it is hoped that those in
industry will agree with this accurate portrayal of the real world
and that academics will be encouraged to be more practical in their
proposals to their industrial collaborators.

CSCW In Practice: An Introduction and Case Studies is unusual because it
collects and reports practical experience, which, at present, is in short
supply in an accessible form. It will therefore be of value to those
who are relatively new to CSCW, both students and the more qualified,
and to those with greater experience.



CSCW: Cooperatlon or Conflict?  Steve Easterbrook (Ed.)
Soft cover.  224pp (approx).  UK pounds 24.95
ISBN 3-540-19755-9
Publication: February 1993

CSCW systems will play an important role in the application of information
systems in the 1990s.  The term "cooperative" is often taken for granted
and it is assumed that CSCW users are willing and able to cooperate
without any difficulty. This assumption ignores the possibility of
conflict and, as a result, the expression, management and resolution of
conflict are not supported.

CSCW: Cooperatlon or Conflict? examines the role of conflict in
collaborative work: what do people actually do when they say they are
cooperating and how does this affect the design of systems?

Amongst the topics covered are the social dynamics of the development
and introduction of new software systems, the relationship between
cooperation, conflict and the ownership of information, and conflicts
in small group planning and in large-scale scientific work.

CSCW: Cooperatlon or Conflict? is the first book to examine conflict
from a CSCW perspective, offering a unique snapshot of current research
in this exciting field. For the designer of CSCW systems, it gives
insights into the role of conflict, and an analysis of the assumptions on
which existing CSCW systems are based. For the student and researcher,
it provides an introduction to the area. and a set of in-depth studies
suitable to inform future research.



Computer Supported Collaborative Writing
Mike Sharples (Ed.)
Soft cover.  240pp (approx).  UK pounds 24.95
ISBN 3-540-19782-6
Publication: February 1993

The growth of interdisciplinary studies, international research projects,
and distributed work groups within large companies, has led to pressure
on writers to work in collaboration.  Writing groups may consist of
people who rarely meet face-to-face, yet they are expected to work
closely together, and to tight schedules. Recent research has studied
the process of collaborative authoring and these studies have led to
the development of software to support both formal co-authorship and
more informal collaboration such as the sharing of ideas and opinions,
and critical reading and annotation of drafts.

Computer Supported Collaborative Writing brings together people with
different interests - software design, computer support for technical
authoring, models of the collaborative writing process - who explore
the research problems and offer practical solutions.

Computers may appear merely to extend the traditional means of
collaboration: electronic mail replaces letter writing, computer conferencing
substitutes for meetings, shared databases stand in for filing
systems and libraries. In fact, each of these systems offers new ways of
working and blurs the boundary between informal and formal collaboration.

Computer Supported Collaborative Writing offers in-depth studies of
formal and informal collaboration and proposes preliminary designs for
new computer tools. It provides invaluable reading for researchers and
students, software designers, and writers.

                                -----------------

Forthcoming titles:

Design Issues in CSCW
Duska Rosenberg and Chris Hutchison (Eds.)
(ISBN 3-540-19810-5)

CSCW and Artificial Intelligence
John Connolly and Ernest Edmonds (Eds.)
(ISBN 3-540-19816-4)

GROUPWARE'91
------------
From: [e-mail] (Paul Hendriks)
Subject: Proceedings of Groupware'91
Date: 14 Nov 91 14:51:01 GMT
Organization: Software Engineering Research Centre - Netherlands

The proceedings of the conference:


                        GROUPWARE'91
                        ============
     The potential of team and organisational computing


                      29 October 1991
                     RAI Congrescentrum
                 Amsterdam, The Netherlands

                        organised by
        SERC - Software Engineering Research Centre
                          Utrecht

are available. They contain the following contributions:
- "Groupware and CSCW: Why Now?"
  Jonathan Grudin, Aarhus University
- "Organisations as Process: the Organisational Thinking Needed for
  Effective Groupware"
  Peter Checkland, Lancaster University
- "CSCW and Software Engineering"
  Simon Gibbs, University of Geneva
- "Telepresence: Integrating Shared Task and Personal Spaces"
  Bill Buxton, University of Toronto and Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
  (PARC)
- "CASE: Groupware in Geographically Distributed Manufacturing"
  Heikki Hammainen, Nokia Research Center
- "Workgroup Technology in Real Life: Between Dreams and Reason"
  Bert Mulder, Veronica Broadcasting Organization
- "Direct Manipulation of Active Forms as a Base for Asynchronous
  Groupware"
  Theo de Ridder, Vleermuis Software Research B.V.
- "Computer Supported Co-operative Work: Cases and Concepts"
  Mike Robinson, University of Amsterdam
- "Groupware Research at SERC"
  Gert Florijn, Software Engineering Research Centre - SERC

These proceedings cost fl 75,-- dutch guilders (about 40$) excluding
V.A.T. and mailing costs. They can be obtained by sending a note
containing your name and adress to:
  Software Engineering Research Centre - SERC
  P.O. Box 424
  3500 AK  Utrecht
  The Netherlands
  phone: [phone]
  fax  : [phone]
  email: [e-mail]
We will then send you an invoice.

The rest of this message contains the abstracts of the above mentioned
contributions:
============================================================================
"Groupware and CSCW: Why Now?"
  Jonathan Grudin, Aarhus University
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The expressions "Groupware" and "Computer Supported Cooperative Work"
came into use about five years ago. Since then, half a dozen
conferences and hundreds of papers have identified with them. Yet work
on many of the topics that are represented has been going on for much
longer. This has led some to ask "Is there something new about
groupware or CSCW other than the labels?" This paper argues that there
is. New conditions are bringing together the developers of commercial
software products, the development approaches, different conferences
and literatures, and even different languages. By examining the
similarities and differences, we can better understand where the field
has come from-and perhaps where it will take us.
===============================================================================
"Organisations as Process: the Organisational Thinking Needed for
  Effective Groupware" Peter Checkland, Lancaster University
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is a new focus in recent years on software which supports
collaborative processes in which groups of people work together
("groupware"). Development of groupware will mainly take place in
organisations and will be affected by our conceptualisation of "an
organisation". It is argued that the received view which sees
organisations as goal-seeking systems is too poverty stricken to map
the reality. An alternative, process view (which subsumes the goal
seeking model) is presented. It is based on Vickers' concept of "an
appreciative system" and derived from action research in developing
Soft Systems Methodology. It could give coherence to the emerging field
of groupware development.
===============================================================================
"CSCW and Software Engineering"
  Simon Gibbs, University of Geneva
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CSCW or Computer Supported Cooperative Work is concerned with providing
environments that improve cooperation and coordination among a group of
people. Currently software development is often a group activity and so
is likely to benefit from CSCW techniques. This paper supports this
hypothesis by describing a number of CSCW applications and illustrating
how they may be used at various stages within the software development
process.
===============================================================================
"Telepresence: Integrating Shared Task and Personal Spaces"
  Bill Buxton, University of Toronto and Xerox Palo Alto Research
  Center (PARC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From a technological and human perspective, shared space in remote
collaboration has tended to focus on either shared personal space or
shared task space. The former would be characterised by traditional
video/teleconferencing or videophones. The latter could be
characterised by synchronous computer conferencing.

The focus of this presentation is the area where these two spaces meet,
and are integrated into what could be characterised as video-enhanced
computer conferencing or computer-enhanced video conferencing.

From the behavioural perspective, the interest lies in how-in
collaborative work-we make transitions between these two spaces. For
example, in negotiating, the activity is mainly in the shared personal
space, where we are "reading" each other for information about trust
and confidence. On the other hand, in preparing a budget using a shared
electronic spreadsheet, for example, the visual channel is dominated by
the task space.

How well systems affords natural transitions between these spaces will
have a large impact on their usability, usefulness, and acceptance.
Consequently, we investigate the design space and some of the issues
affecting it.
===============================================================================
"CASE: Groupware in Geographically Distributed Manufacturing"
  Heikki Hammainen, Nokia Research Center
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This paper reports experiences from a set of groupware pilot
experiments performed as part of the DIMUN (Distributed International
Manufacturing Using Networks) project. In our pilot environment,
geographically distributed manufacturing of elevators, both real-time
and non-real-time groupware systems were tested, PAGES (Programmable
Agents for Group Interaction Systems) and MILAN (Multimedia Interactive
LAN), respectively. These systems indicated that groupware can improve
the process and results of distributed cooperation. In particular, the
throughput time of group tasks, e.g. change negotiations, can be
significantly reduced. The expected gross impact of more effective and
efficient group tasks is a shorter overall throughput time of elevators
along the supply chain. However, the total costs of using the described
groupware seem to surpass the expected practical benefits in
geographically distributed manufacturing so far.
===============================================================================
"Workgroup Technology in Real Life: Between Dreams and Reason"
  Bert Mulder, Veronica Broadcasting Organization
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Veronica is one the large radio and tv stations in Holland. Their
information system is based on networks with powerful pc's to support
the users doing their job: networked, decentralized and user-centered.
It became an environment, showing new criteria for success. Based on
that experience, this chapter lists a number of concerns regarding
groupware.
===============================================================================
"Direct Manipulation of Active Forms as a Base for Asynchronous
  Groupware" Theo de Ridder, Vleermuis Software Research B.V.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active forms can be used to support cooperative aspects of dayly work
in a way that is a natural extension of a personal way of working. For
end-users it is essential to adapt such forms without programming. This
paper describes a pragmatic approach towards facilities for direct
manipulation of the behavior of active forms.
===============================================================================
"Computer Supported Co-operative Work: Cases and Concepts"
  Mike Robinson, University of Amsterdam
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CSCW is a new field of research in Europe, the USA, and Japan. Its
original thrust was to develop software with groups of users to
increase their competence in working together. It grew from some
failures of, and problems inherited from Office Automation and
Management Information Systems; from some sociological intuitions about
ways people might work together; and from new interfacing and
networking technologies. The content of the field is illustrated by
some "first generation" CSCW applications: group authoring; calendar
management and meeting scheduling; action co-ordination in
organisations; nursing; wage bargaining; informal conversation; and
large meetings. These applications had a mixed reception. Some CSCW
specific concepts emerged that started to account for this experience,
and to influence future CSCW design. These were: articulation work;
situated action; unanticipated use; mutual influence; shared
information space; shared material; double level language; equality;
and "flipover". The implementation of these concepts forms a
preliminary agenda for CSCW.
===============================================================================
"Groupware Research at SERC"
 Gert Florijn, Software Engineering Research Centre - SERC
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Software Engineering Research Centre has identified "Cooperative
Computing" as one of its four areas of activity, within the overall
research framework SEED. There are two reasons for this decision.
Firstly, support for cooperation will be a key ingredient of future
computer applications and information systems. Secondly, cooperation is
an important aspect of the software development process. Better
understanding of team interaction, and better support for particular
tasks therefore can improve the productivity and quality of the
development process.

In this paper we give an overview of SERC's research activities in the
area of "Cooperative Computing". We present the motivation for studying
computer support for cooperation and give some background to groupware
technology. Two research projects are described in detail: the Camera
project, which focuses on version management in distributed
environments, and the Musa project, in which a multi-user authoring
tool is being developed. We also discuss a recent transfer project.
===============================================================================

Use of groupware in cooperative work
------------------------------------

From: [e-mail] (Howard Killam)
Newsgroups: comp.groupware,comp.human-factors
Subject: Re: (Q) Use of groupware in cooperative work
Date: 15 May 92 13:48:06 GMT
Organization: The MITRE Corporation

One of the best articles I read on the human factors issues of groupware was
in The American Psychologist a few years ago.  [...]
The main point of the article, which was
 a report on several existing groupware applications from a number of markets
(law, business, etc.), indicated that one of the main complaints about groupware
systems was the disruption of existing dynamics between users.  In many system,
the best computer user became the "leader" of any session.  Since manager (of
these particular systems) were more "casual" users than some others, they
experienced a shift in the power dynamics and would refuse to use these systems
or allow others to use them.  Thouigh this articles was several years old, I
still see CSCW designs that did not take into account this important aspects of
group interaction.

From: [e-mail] (Hagan Heller)
Date: 18 May 92 19:44:23 GMT
Organization: Sun Microsystems

The articles that Howard K. refers to are, I think:

"Organizations of the Future"
Lynn Offermann and Marilyn Gowing, American Psychologist, 2/1990

"Work Teams"
Eric Sundstrom, Kenneth De Meuse, and David Futrell,
American Psychologist, 2/1990


Groupware for Architectural Design
----------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Wassim M. Jabi,APRL-1232, Office Phone [phone])
Subject: Summary: Groupware for Architectural Design
Date: 11 Sep 91 16:34:49 GMT
Organization: The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

I got a request to post a summary of the responses I got for
Computer-Supported Collaborative Architectural Design (CSCAD).
The general feeling was that if CSCW is a young field you should
expect that CSCAD is practically unborn yet. However, here is the summary:

* CSCW Proceedings.

* Saul Greenberg produced a literature survey of CSCW, "An Annotated
  Bibliography of Computer Supported Cooperative Work", SIGCHI Bulletin
  July 1991, Vol.23, No.3.

* Work done at Xerox PARC by Bob Stults, Steve Harrison, Scott
  Minneman, Sara Bly, John Tang and others between 1984 and the present.

* Douglas Noble and Horst W.J. Rittel. "Issue-Based Information Systems for Design." In
  Computing in Design Education, pp. 275-286. ed P. Bancroft. Proceedings of the ACADIA 1988
  Workshop. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture, 1988.

* Brian Lawson, "How Designers Think" (There is one chapter dedicated to
  group work in deisgn, especially, using design game as a metaphor);

* Habraken and Gross invented a computer game call "Concept design game"
  as a reserch tool for studying the complex interaction between designers
  in the course of game playing;

* Bucciarelli gave an ethographical account of design as a social process
  in terms of constraining, naming, and decision discourse;

* Michael Middleton's book "Group Practice in Design" is quite a good
  general survey.

* Mark Klein and Stephen C-Y Lu look at the technique of conflict resolution
  used by a team of architects in designing a house. The arcticle "Conflict
  resolution in cooperative design", can be found in Artificial Intelligence
  in Engineering, 1989, Vol. 4, No.4;

Thanks to all who responded.
--
-- Wassim M. Jabi                   -- Please Don't e-mail to wjabi@srvr1
-- Doctoral Program in Architecture -- It does not work. E-mail to this
-- University of Michigan           -- address:
-- 2000 Bonisteel Boulevard         --
-- Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2069         --     [e-mail]


Operating system support for groupware
--------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jack Palevich)
Subject: Re: Network Support for CSCW
Date: 3 Jan 92 01:34:23 GMT
Organization: OBS, Apple Computer, Inc.

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Gregory Bollella) writes:
>
> I am looking for information on what network and/or operating system
> support groupware applications may find useful.
>
There were three good papers on this very topic in the UIST'91 proceedings:

MMM: A User Interface Architecture for Shared Editors on a Single Screen,
Eric A. Beir, et. al.

Primitives for Programming Multi-User Interfaces, John F. Patterson

Comparing the Programming Demands of Single-User and Multi-User Applications,
Prasan Dewan et al.


Brainstorming
-------------

Hymes, C. M. (1992, November). Unblocking Brainstorming
through the use of a simple group editor. CSCW 92 Proceedings.


Computer Augmented Teamwork:
----------------------------

Bostrom, R.P., R.T. Watson and S.T. Kinney (eds.), Computer Augmented
Teamwork, A Guided Tour, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1992.


Work performance of groups
--------------------------

David Coleman,
Groupware '92, Morgan Kaufmann, 1992
this collection contains many performance studies.

Irene Greif,
Computer-Supported Work: A Book of Readings, Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.
there is a section on empirical studies that I would highly recommend

--
Michael Weiss
Lehrstuhl fuer Praktische Informatik I
Universitaet Mannheim, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany


GSS for group-writing
---------------------

The following is a good paper on the subject:

Relationships and Tasks in Scientific Research Collaborations, by
Robert Kraut, Jolene Galagher, and Carmen Egido in

Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: A Book of Readings, ed by
Irene Greif, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, 1988.

--
[e-mail]


McGrath's study on small groups
-------------------------------
J. McGrath's study on small groups          27 Sep 93 09:10
In article <[e-mail]>, I wrote:
> Joseph McGrath at University of Illinois  has been doing a longitudinal
> study on small groups. Eleven groups where studied under different
> conditions in a period of 13 weeks.
>
> Some of the findings where presented at CSCW'92
>
Joe McGrath himself wrote to me. This is what he said:

:       We were fortunate to be able to publish a set of six articles on our
:       longitudinal study, as a special issue of SMALL GROUP RESEARCH, the Aug.
:       1993 issue. That journal is published by SAGE Publications. In it, we
:       overview the whole study, have four reports of sets of empirical
:       findings (one on technolgoy and task effects, one on membership effects,
:       one on conflict, and one on integrative complexity) and then a final
:       piece that is a theoretical integration.
:       That issue is authored by myself and four colleagues (Arrow,
:       Hollingshead, OConnor, Gruenfeld). Also: I have a book, with
:       Hollingshead, on "Groups Interacting with Computers", also to be
:       published by SAGE about Dec. of this year. Both are related to my talk,
:       especially the former.
:  Thanks for the inquiry.
:       Joe McGrath
--
Paal S. Malm
Office addr.:
Norwegian Telecom Research,
P.B. 1156, N-9001 Tromso, NORWAY.
Phone: [phone]/fax: -262;   Email: [e-mail]


Multicultural groupware
-----------------------
Panko, R. R. (1990). Embedded, humble, intimate, and multicultural
groupware for real groups.  Pp 52-61 in the
Proceedings of Twenty-Third Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, Vol. IV, IEEE Computer Society Press.

Panko, R. R. (1990). Skewed use in groupware.  Pp 177-191 in K.
M. Kaiser & H. J. Oppelland (eds.), Desktop Information Technology,
Proceedings of the IFIP WG 8.2 Working Conference on Desktop
Information Technology and Organizational Worklife in the 1990's,
Ithica, NY, 2-4 July, 1989, Amsterdam: North-Holland.


Multilateral Diplomacy
----------------------
Unusual Business or Business as Usual: An Investigation of Meeting Support
Requirements in Multilateral Diplomacy" in Accounting, Management and
Information Systems, Vol. 3, No. 2,


General books:
--------------
"Group Support Systems: New Perspectives" by Len Jessup and Joseph Valacich
(Macmillan 1993)

"Computer Augmented Teamwork: A Guided Tour" by Robert Bostrom, Richard
Watson and Susan Kinney (Van Nostrand Reinhold,1992)


GroupWare News
--------------
GroupWare News is a subscription newsletter that covers all aspects of
groupware, including workflow management, group scheduling, joint authoring,
conferencing systems and teleworking.  It also contains:
              reports of industry and market trends
              analyses of the implications of using groupware, for
              users and organizations
              news of current research in the area
              case histories of its use
              details of relevant conferences, events and
              publications.

Contributors to GWN come from a wide variety of business, academic and user
backgrounds; the newsletter carries no advertising nor any material paid for
by suppliers.

It is published ten times a year and costs UKP250.00 for 10 issues (UKP270
outside the EC).

--
Roger Whitehead
Director,
Office Futures,
14 Amy Road,
Oxted,
Surrey    RH8 0PX
England

Telephone:  [phone]
Fax:  [phone]
Email:  [e-mail]


Groupware Report
----------------
Groupware Report is a subscription newsletter.
$140 for 6 issues

Richard Watson
Managing editor
140 Lenox Place
Athens, GA 30606, USA
Telephone: [phone]
Bitnet:   rwatson@uga
Internet: [e-mail]



IOPener
-------
The newsletter of the IOPT Club for the introduction of process technology.

"The IOPT Project (Introduction of Process Technology) is a DTI sponsored
collaborative project between ICL, Praxis, ISS, and Manchester University."

Tim Huckvale
Praxis Systems plc
20 Manvers St.
Bath, UK
BA1 1PX

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]


Online Libraries
----------------
Instructions:
1. telnet pac.carl.org or telnet  192.54.81.128

2. CURRENT ARTICLE INDEXES AND ACCESS:

DATABASE: Online Libraries
ONLINE NEWSLETTER and ONLINE LIBRARIES AND MICROCOMPUTERS are full
text publications that comprise the world's foremost news service in the
Online and CD-ROM field. The print edition of these publications is
distributed in over 70 countries. This database presents articles from
Online Libraries and Microcomputers (9/83 to date), Online Newsletter
(1980-81 and 1988 to date), and Online Hotline (1982-1987). Published by
Information Intelligence Inc., Phoenix, Arizona. (602-996-2283)


Workflow Management Books
-------------------------
From: Ronald Macnab <[e-mail]>
Newsgroups: comp.groupware
Subject: Re: Workflow Management
Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 22:35:09 -0500

Several books I found helpful are Connections  by Lee Sproull & Sara Kiesler
Technology for Teams by Susanna Opper & Henry Fersko-Weiss
People Ware by Tom DeMarco & Timothy Lister
The best is the Opper book as it has some tips on how to set them up in a
company, including a readiness checklist.
Janet MacNab



David S. Stodolsky, PhD      Internet: [e-mail]
Inst. of Political Science               Internet: [e-mail]
Univ. of Copenhagen, Rosenborgg. 15            Tel.: + 45 32 97 66 74
DK-1130 Copenhagen K, Denmark                   Fax: + 45 31 59 76 44
Archive-name: comp-groupware-faq/bibliography4
Last-modified: 1994.3.9
Version: 2.0
Copyright: 1994 (c) David S. Stodolsky, PhD


Groupware Bibliography - Part 4
===============================


Business Process Redesign list
------------------------------
BUSINESS PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING/REDESIGN is a term which is now
firmly established in the management vocabulary.  It refers to
attempts to achieve order of magnitude improvements in organisa-
tional performance by redesigning the processes by which an
organisation delivers value to its customers.  The newly designed
processes are often enabled by IS/IT.  In many quoted cases, this
has led to transformational changes in the way in which organisa-
tions are structured.  In particular, traditional functional
structures, and the barriers between them, are being broken down
in favour of multi-disciplinary teams responsible for complete
processes.

A mailbase discussion list on this important and highly publicised
topic is now available.  The discussion list is open to academics,
students and practitioners and the owners are particularly keen to
encourage membership from individuals in many management
disciplines including IS/IT. strategic management, operations
management and organisational development.

The list will provide a means to discuss developing issues in this
formative field and will also welcome announcements of conferences,
news items, examples of organisations who have attempted BPR,
requests for assistance, upcoming events and other items of interest.

The name of the list is BPR and to join it send the following one
line message to [e-mail]:
join BPR <your first name> <your last name>

If you require any further information on the BPR discussion list,
contact the list owner, Gerard Burke ([e-mail]).


BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN MAILING LIST
--------------------------------------
Newsgroups: comp.infosystems
From: [e-mail] (Alexander Verbraeck)
Subject: New mailing list: BPR-L (Business Process Redesign)
Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 09:10:14 GMT


                   -------------------------
                   BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN
                    ELECTRONIC MAILING LIST
                             BPR-L
                   -------------------------



INTRODUCTION LETTER ON BPR-L
----------------

Business Process Redesign (BPR) seems to emerge as a new research topic
in the management sciences. A global shared communication vehicle
between researchers and practitioners in this field should be very
beneficial.

BPR-L tries to provide such communication channel by means of
electronic mail. This introductionary message provide information on
the possibilities of this e-mail net. To more or less focus the
discussion, at first an interpretation is given of the word 'BPR'.
Secondly, the possibilities of BPR-L are explored and information is
given about how to use BPR-L. Finally, some procedural matters
regarding BPR-L are given.


BPR
-

Business Process Redesign (also called Business Systems Engineering,
Business Engineering, Business Process Reengineering or just BPR) is
a new emerging research field with promising prospects. There are
claims that the application of BPR can take 78 days out of an 80-day
turnaround time, cut 75% of overhead, and eliminate 80% errors. Some
say it is about radical change, information technology, and
discontinuous thinking, others see it as merely applying industrial
engineering concepts to a nonfactory environment.

There is no widespread definition of the term, however everyone seems
to have an intuitive notion about the concept. BPR implies a wide range
of topics such as
 * job design
 * technology infrastructure
 * change management
 * workflow management
 * administrative logistics
 * corporate re-engineering
 * and others

Some see BPR as THE challenge for the nineties, some see it as just
another buzzword. However, according to popular business magazines and
research journals, many researchers and practitioners are currently
involved in some kind of BPR effort. The field is rapidly growing.
However, getting information about the latest developments seems to be
as hard a job as understanding the phenomenon. BPR-L has been set up
to overcome this problem.


THE NEWSGROUP BPR-L
---------

BPR-L tries to facilitate the development of a human network consisting
of members with shared interests and skills in the field. Its purpose
is to promote a constructive dialogue about BPR, both theory and
practice, and to provide the opportunity for sharing all kinds of
useful, BPR-related information.

BPR-L is an electronic mail group which can serve as communication
channel for researchers AND practitioners in the field of BPR. It can
serve as an electronic device for 'meeting' other people who are
working on this topic.

The principle of BPR-L is simple: each message sent to BPR-L is
automatically distributed to the mail addresses of all other BPR-L
members. Types of messages that can be sent are:
 * announcements (call for papers, conferences, tools, symposia etc.)
 * questions and answers (requests for information or references,
   debates on specific topics)
 * discussions of new software tools and platforms
 * discussion of empirical evidence within BPR
 * book and article reviews
 * abstracts and short working papers (requests for comments and
   suggestions)
 * etc.


HOW TO BECOME A MEMBER OFF BPR-L
--------------

The newsgroup BPR-L has been created on Internet, accessible through
regular mail from ANY platform. To subscribe, send an e-mail message
to [e-mail] or to [e-mail]
with ONE line of text that has the following format:

          SUB BPR-L Yourfirstname Yourlastname

>From that moment on, you'll start receiving messages of the newsgroup
through regular mail. If you want to post a message to the group, send
your e-mail to [e-mail], or if that does not work, BPR-
[e-mail]. It will then be mailed to all the members of
the group. You can find more information in the next section. Notice
the difference between the two e-mail addresses for subscribing
(listserv) and posting (bpr-l)! In case you want to sign off the list,
send a one line e-mail message to [e-mail] with:

          SIGNOFF BPR-L


THE USE OF BPR-L: ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
------------------

To start a communication within BPR-L, simply send an e-mail message
to the following address:

          [e-mail]

or if that does not work

          [e-mail]

The e-mail message is automatically distributed to all participants of
the BPR-L list, including the person who started the communication.
Every member of BPR-L can react to this message by submitting a reply
or the equivalent command of your mailer to the list.

These reactions will again be automatically distributed to all BPR-L
members, including the person who started the communication. Members
not directly involved in the communication can monitor the process for
their own edification. If they choose to, they can interject their
viewpoints at any time. Please note that you have to choose whether to
reply to the list or to the person. Your mailer defaults to reply to
the entire list. If you want to give a personal reply which is not
meant for the entire list, find out the address of the originator of
the message and send your reply there.


QUESTIONS
----

If you encounter any difficulties with the use of the BPR-L list, you
can send an e-mail message to [e-mail] with the
following contents:

          HELP

For any other questions on the topic of BPR-L, or on the list,
please contact one of the persons below:

Delft University of Technology
Alexander Verbraeck, Dept of Information Systems
   [e-mail] (list owner)
Jeroen van Meel, Dept of Systems Engineering and Policy Analysis
   [e-mail]
Pieter W.G. Bots, Dept of Systems Engineering and Policy Analysis
   [e-mail]
Henk G. Sol, Dept of Systems Engineering and Policy Analysis
   [e-mail]

---------------------------
Dr. Alexander Verbraeck    Delft University of Technology     Faculty TWI
Dept of Information Systems   PO Box 356, 2600 AJ  Delft  The Netherlands
Tel: [phone]      Secr: [phone]     Fax: [phone]/787022
e-mail: [e-mail]  OR  [e-mail]
http://www.twi.tudelft.nl/People/A.Verbraeck.html >dynamic modelling info



Business Process Re-engineering References
------------------------------------------
From: Dave Retherford <[e-mail]>
Subject: List of BPR and SW RE references/citations

==========================================================================
                Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
                     Software Reengineering
                      Reverse Engineering
==========================================================================

[Articles]

+Abuaf, Alvi and Alba Medina, "Technology's role in business process
reengineering," Wall Street & Technology, September 1993, v11 n3, p. 72.

+Alter, Allen E., "'Business as usual' no more: corporations are depending
on IS to help," Computerworld, December 27, 1993 v28 n1, p. 24.

Arnold, Robert S. and William B. Frakes, "Software Reuse and
Reengineering," CASE Trends, February 1992, pp. 44-48.

+Bae, Hee Man, "Process flow modeling and analysis: a practitioner's
approach," Industrial Engineering, June 1993, v25 n6, p. 54(2).

Baum, David , "Reducing the Burden of Software Maintenance: Software
Re-engineering is one of the leading issues confronting information
executives," InfoWorld, Vol. 14, No. 27, July 6, 1992, p. 58.

Boynton, Andrew C. et al, "New Competitive Strategies: Challenges to
Organizations and Information Technology," IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 32,
No. 1, March 1993, pp. 40-65.

Brown, James H., "The Strategic Business Context For Information
Engineering and CASE," CASE Trends, February 1992, pp. 24, 27-29, 43.

Byrne, John A., "The Horizontal Corporation," Business Week, December 20,
1993, pp. 76-81.

+Carey, David, "Reegineering Success; many organizations are redesigning
their business processes to dramatically improve costs and efficiency,"
I.T. Magazine, Nov. 1993, v25 n11, p. 12(6).

+Chikofsky, Elliot J. and James H. Cross II, "Reverse Engineering and
Design Recovery: A Taxonomy," IEEE Software, Jan. 1990, v7 n1, pp. 13-17.

Chivvis, Andrei and John Geyer, "Folklore Kills," Corporate Computing, June
1993, p. 57.

+Choi, S. and W. Scacchi, "Extracting and Restructing the Design of Large
Systems," IEEE Software, January 1990.

Currid, Cheryl, "Everyone's re-engineering except the computer companies,"
InfoWorld, August 30, 1993, v15, n35, p62.

Davenport, Thomas H. et al, "How Executives Can Shape Their Company's
Information Systems," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1989, pp.
130-134.

Davenport, Thomas H. and J. E. Short, "The new Industrial Engineering:
Information Technology and Business Process Redesign," Sloan Management
Review, Summer 1990, pp. 11-27.

Davis, Jack M., "Software Re-engineering: Capture Tools," CASE Trends, Fall
1991, pp. 30, 33-34.

Delligatta, Ann, "System Reengineering and the User," Information Systems
Management, Winter 1992, v9 n1, pp76-77.

Diefenbacher, Bob, "Rightsizing re-engineering," MIDRANGE Systems, June 22,
1993, v6 n12, p52(3).

+Dion, Raymon, "Process improvement and the corporate balance sheet," IEEE
Software, July 1993, v10 n4, p28(8).

Drake, Kalvin, "Is Software Re-engineering the Savior of CASE?" Computing
Canada, Vol. 18, No. 22, October 26, 1992, p. 38.

Dulkeley, Debra, "Andersen Reengineers Big Business," Systems Integration
Business, August 1991, pp. 22-25, 27.

Eastwood, Allen, "It's a Hard Sell - and Hard Work Too," Computing Canada,
Vol. 18, No. 22, October 26, 1993, p. 35.

+Goodman, Joanna, "Change of direction: business process re-engineering,"
Computer Weekly, September 23, 1993, p. 28.

Goss, Tracy, Richard Rascale, and Anthony Athos, "The Reinvention Roller
Coaster: Risking the Present for a Powerful Future," Harvard Business
Review, November-December 1993, pp. 97-108.

Hammer, Michael, "Reengineering Work: Don't Automate, Obliterate," Harvard
Business Review, July-August 1990, pp. 104-112.

Hammer, Michael, "Hammering Out the Transformed Organization," CASE Trends,
November-December 1991, pp. 35, 37-39.

+Hammer, Michael and James Champy, "Explosive Thinking," Computerworld, May
3, 1993, v27 n18, p. 123(2).

+Hanna, Mary, "Re-engineering Aims for Legacy Salvation," Software
Magazine, September 1993.

Hayley, Kathryn, et al, "Reengineering Tops CIO Menu," Datamation, April
15, 1993, pp. 73-74.

+Hersh, Art, "Where's the return on process improvement?," IEEE Software,
July 1993, v10 n4, p. 12.

Houston, Patrick, "Old System, New Life," Corporate Computing, November
1992, pp. 160-167.

Hovaness, Haig, "Wanted: New Leadership," Corporate Computing, June 1993,
p. 43.

Huff, Sid L., "Reengineering the Business," Business Quarterly, Winter
1992, pp. 38-42.

Jeffery, Brian, "Shifting priorities: challenges of IS lie in finding value
in enterprise-based ," MIDRANGE Systems, Rightsizing Supplement, v6 n21,
pS12(2).

Kador, John, "Reengineer To Boost Software Productivity," Datamation,
December 15, 1992, pp. 57-58.

Keane, John F., "A CIO's Perspective on the Impact of Software
Re-engineering," Software Re-engineering, white paper, CASE Trends, June
1992, pp. 3-4, 16.

+Knight, Robert M., "Factoring in reengineering: MRP II won't help a
company that must rethink work processes," Information Week, June 14, 1993,
n429, p. 33 (2).

Kortesoja, Al, "Redevelopment Engineering: A Management View," CASE Trends,
April 1992, pp. 34, 36-37.

Kortesoja, Al, "Redevelopment Engineering: A Management View, Part II,"
CASE Trends, May 1992, pp. 54-56.

Layne, Rich, "Miles Of Files," Corporate Computing, October 1992, pp.
140-145.

+Locascio, Charles J. (Capt.) and Matthew M. Darpel (Lt.), "Software
Reengineering for the Future with Ada," Crosstalk, December 1993, pp.
22-24.

Luftman, Jerry N., et al, "Transforming the enterprise: the alignment of
business and information strategies," IBM Systems Journal, March 1993, v32
n1, p198(24).

McCabe, Thomas J. and Eldonna S. Williamson, "Tips On Reengineering
Redundant Software," Datamation, April 15, 1992, pp. 71-74.

McDavid, Douglas W., "Business and Systems Planning: Building a New
Alliance," Database Programming & Design, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 1992, p.
28.

+Mehler, Mark and Ira Sager, "The reengineering mind-set: the differences
among the consultancies are subtle, and getting subtler," Information Week,
May 10, 1993, n424, p. S6(16).

Middleton, Timothy, "Reshaping Risk a Cigna," Corporate Computing, November
1992, pp. 169-172.

Mimno, Pieter, "Use of Client/Server Tools to Enable Software
Re-Engineering," CASE Trends, June 1992, pp. 21-22, 24-25.

+Moad, Jeff, "Does reengineering really work?," Datamation, August 1, 1993,
v39 n15, p. 22(4).

+Moore, John, "BPR evolves from 1970s-era Air Force activities," Federal
Computer Week, September 20, 1993, v7 n28, p. S10.

Nevin, Howard, "Add Re-engineering to the IT Mix and Stir," Government
Computer News, Vol. 12, No. 5, March 1, 1993, p. 25.

Nevin, Howard, "7 Worthy Goals for your Re-engineering Program," Government
Computer News, Oct. 25, 1993, v12 n23, p19.

+Network World, "Network reengineering for competitive advantage," Network
World (supplement), August 1993, v10 n34, p. S1(6).

+Olsem, Michael R. and Chris Sittenauer, "Reengineering Terminology,"
CrossTalk, Special Edition, 1993, p. 30.

Palmer, Scott D., "A Plan That Cured Chaos," Datamation, January 1, 1993,
pp. 77-78.

Peterson, Leroy, "Reengineering Your Business: It's a Lot More Than
Streamlining," Industry Week, July 20, 1992, p. 38.

Pfrenzinger, Steven, " Reengineering Goals Shift Toward Analysis,
Transition: Users Adjust Expectations As Suppliers Work On Next-Generation
Capture Tools," Software Magazine, Vol. 12, No. 14, October 1992, p. 44.

Ray, Gary, "Change Managers Speed Re-Engineering," Computerworld, Sept. 7,
1992, v26 n36, pp.81-82.

Rice, Colin, "The six principles of re-engineering," Computing Canada, Vol.
18, No. 23, November 9, 1992, p. 12.

Scherr, Allan L., "A new approach to business processess," IBM Systems
Journal, March 1993, v32 n1, p80(19).

Schnitt, David L., "Reengineering the Organization Using Information
Technology," Journal of Systems Management, January 1993, pp. 14-20, 41.

+Schwarz, Karen D., "Re-engineering drives federal spending for software,"
Government Computer News, Oct. 25, 1993 v12 n23, p. 47.

Seybold, Patricia B., "Business Process Design: The Next Breakthrough in
Organization Effectiveness," Patricia Seybold's Office Computing Report,
Vol. 15, No. 9, September 1992, p. 20.

Seymour, Jim, "Three Tenets for Re-engineering the PC Business," PC Week,
Vol. 10, No. 2, January 18, 1993, p. 61.

+Strassmann, Paul A., "Re-engineering: an emetic in a perfume bottle?,"
Computer World, August 16, 1993, v27 n33, p. 33.

+Sullivan, Patrick, "Re-engineering: worth another visit," Computing Canada,
October 12, 1993, v19 n21, p. 43.

Ulrich, William M., "Business Re-engineering and Software Re-engineering:
The Relationship and Impact," CASE Trends, September-October 1991, pp.
35-38.

+Watson, Arthur, "Incremental Reengineering: Keeping Control of Software,"
CrossTalk, January 1994, pp. 13-14.

Weber, Robert and John Kelly, "Business Reengineering--with the Customer in
Mind," Business Communications Review, November 1993, pp. 44-48.

Wood, Michael, "A Re-engineering Economics Model," CrossTalk, June/July
1992, pp. 20-23, 25.


[Books]

+Ainsworth-Land, George T., "Breakpoint and beyond : mastering the
future--today," HarperBusiness, 1992.  ISBN:  0-887-30547-4

+Allen, Thomas J., Scott Morton, et. al., "Information technology and the
corporation of the 1990s : research studies," Oxford University Press,
1994.  ISBN:  0-195-06806-8

+Arnold, Robert S., "Software Reengineering," IEEE Computer Society Press,
1993.  IBSN: 0-8186-3272-0

*Davenport , Thomas, "Process Innovation: Reegineering work through
information technology," Harvard Business School Press, 1992.
ISBN: 0-875-84355-2

+Grantham, Charles E., "The digital workplace : designing groupware
platforms," Van Nostrand, 1993.  ISBN:  0-442-01123-7

*Hammer, Michael and James Champy, "Reengineering the Corporation: A
Manifesto for Business Revolution", HarperBusiness, New York, 1993.
IBSN: 0-88730-6403

*Harrington, H. James, "Business Process Improvement: the breakthrough
strategy for total quality, productivity, and competitiveness,"
McGraw-Hill, 1991. ISBN: 0-070-26768-5

*Johansson, Henry J., Patrick McHugh, et al, "Business Process
Reengineering: BreakPoint Stratigies for Market Dominance," John Wiley &
Sons, 1993. IBSN: 0-471-93883-1

+Strebel, Paul., "Breakpoints : how managers exploit radical business
change," Harvard Business School Press, 1992. ISBN: 0-875-84369-7

+Tomasko, Robert M., "Rethinking the corporation : the architecture of
change," AMACOM, 1993.  ISBN:  0-814-45022-9


[Proceedings]

Arnold, Robert S., "Processes for Reengineering Real Time  Systems,"
Proceedings: CASE World - 1992, Vol. II, pp. D14.


[Reports]

Deloitte & Touche, Leading Trends in Information Services: Fifth Annual
Survey of North American CIOs--1993, Deloitte & Touche Information
Technology Consulting Services, 1993.



============================ End of Citations ===========================

[Notes]

1.  In order to more readily identify those citations that have been
    changed or added since the previous update, the following will be used:

    *   indicates a change or revision to an existing citation since the
        last update.

    +   indicates new addition to the list of citations since the last
        update.

2.  CrossTalk is published by the Software Technology Support Center,
    Ogden Air Logistics Center (AFMC), Hill AFB, UT, 84056-5205 USA.

3.  The following sections have been created.  Sections headings are
    enclosed in brackets, [].

        Articles    Citations from magazines, periodicals, etc..
        Books       Book citations
        Proceedings Conference proceedings/tutorials, etc.
        Reports     Commerical, company, government reports.
        Notes       Notes about the list, or its features
        History     Revision/update history of the list


[History]

Revision    Date        Comments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
original    2/24/94     first release of citation list

A           3/8/94      Added history section.  Changed/added citations
                        (see notes).  Added notes 1, 2,3.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------


From: [e-mail] (Annie I. Anton)
Subject: Re: Business Process Re-engineering References
Date: Sat, 19 Feb 1994 16:32:24 GMT

\begin{thebibliography}{9}

\bibitem{Dav93}
Thomas Davenport,
{\em Process Innovation:  Reengineering Work through Information Technology},
Harvard Business School Press, 1993.

\bibitem{DS90}
Thomas H. Davenport and James E. Short,
``The New Industrial Engineering:  Information Technology and Business
Process Redesign,'' {\em Sloan Management Review}, Vol. 31, pp 11-27,
Summer 1990.

\bibitem{GKT93}
S. Guha, W.J. Kettinger and J.T.C. Teng,
``Business Process Reengineering:  Building a Comprehensive Methodology,''
{\em Information Systems Management}, Vol. 10, pp. 13-22, Summer 1993.

\bibitem{Ham90}
Michael Hammer,
``Reengineering Work:  Don't Automate, Obliterate,''
{\em Harvard Business Review}, Vol. 68, pp. 104-112, July-August 1990.

\bibitem{HC93}
Michael Hammer and James Champy,
{\em Reengineering The Corporation:  A Manifesto for Business Revolution},
HarperCollins Books, 1993.

\bibitem{Sch93}
David L. Schnitt,
``Reengineering The Organization Using Information Technology,''
{\em Journal of Systems Management}, Vol. 44, pp. 14-20, January 1993.

\bibitem{YM94}
Eric S.K. Yu and John Mylopoulos,
``Using Goals, Rules, and Methods to Support Reasoning in Business Process
Reengineering,''
{\em Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences}, 1994.

\end{thebibliography}


interorganizational perspective
-------------------------------
Newsgroups: comp.infosystems
From: Jeroen van Meel <[e-mail]>
Subject: interorganizational perspective
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 12:32:07 GMT

As a reply to the recent question about an interorganizational perspective,
herewith a number of references to possible relevant articles.

Short, J.E., and N. Venkatraman, 'Beyond Business Process Redesign: Redefining
  Baxter's Business Netwerk', in: Sloan Management Review, Fall, 1992, p.
  7-21
Vantrappen, H., 'Creating Customer Value by Streamlining Business Processes',
  in: Longe Range Planning, vol. 25, nr. 1, 1992, p. 53-62
Davidson, W.H., 'Beyond Reengineering: The Three Phases of Business
  Transformation', in: IBM Systems Journal, January 1993

Jeroen van Meel
Delft University of Technology
Department of System Engineering and Policy Analysis
P.O. Box 5015
2600 GA  The Netherlands

tel: [phone]
fax: [phone]


Centers of groupware research
-----------------------------
Toshihiko YAMAKAMI posted this list to comp.groupware in 1990:

(1)MIT
"Answer Gargen" M.S.Ackermann & T.W.Malone, COIS90 pp.31-39
"Object Lens: A "Spreadsheet" for Cooperative Work", K.Lai & T.W.Malone,
 CSCW88, p. 115-124
"Semi-structured messages are surprisingly useful for computer-supported
 cooperation", T.W.Malone, K.Grant, K.Lai, R.Rao, & D.Rosenblitt,
 CSCW86, 1986(Also in ACM Trans. OIS)
"What is coorination theory and how can it help design
 cooperative work systems", T.W.Malone & K.Crowston, CSCW90

(2)Xerox PARC and EuroPARC
 -- Note: Xerox people issue also other papers
"Guided Tours and Tabletops: Tools for Communicating in a Hypertext
 environment", R.H.Trigg, CSCW88, pp.216-226
"Reflections on NoteCards: Seven issues for the next generation
 of hypermedia system", Proc. of Hypertext'87, 1987
"NoteCards in a nutshell", F.G.Halasz, T.P.Moran & R.H.Trigg,
 Prof. CHI+GI'87, 1987
"gIBIS: A Hypertext Tool for Exploratory Policy Discussion",
 J.Conklin & M.L.Begeman, CSCW88, pp.140-152
"The working environment: A paradign shift for CSCW?",
 T.P.Moran & R.J.Anderson(both: EuroPARC)

(3)Bellcore
"Computerization and the Quality of Working Life: the Role of Control",
 R.E.Kraut & S.Dumais, CSCW90, pp.56-68
"Computerization, productivity, and quality of work-life",
 R.E.Kraut, S. Dumais & S. Koch, CACM 1989, pp.220-238
"Design of a Multi-Media Vehicle for Social Browsing",
 R.W.Root, CSCWW88, pp. 25-38
"Collaborative Document Production Using Quilt",
 M.D.P.Leland, R.S.Fish, & R.E.Kraut, CSCW88, pp. 206-215
"The VideoWindow in informal communication",
 R.S.Fish, R.E.Kraut, & B.L.Chalfonte, CSCW90
"ICICLE: groupwaer for code inspection:,
 L.Brothers, V.Sembugamoorthy & M. Muller, CSCW90
"Computer-mediated communication for intellectual teamwork: A field
 experiment in group writing", J.Galegher(U. Arizona) & B.E.Kraut
("Rendezvous: An architecture for synchronous multi-user application",
 J.F.Patterson, R.D.Hill, W.S.Meeks, and S.L.Rohal, CSCW90)

(4)U.Mass
"An Interface for the Acquisition and Display of Office Procedures",
 D.E.Mahling & W.B.Croft, COIS90, poster, pp.123-130
"Architecture for Supporting Goal-Based Cooperative Work",
 N. Bhandru & B. Croft, IFIP90

(5)U.Tronto
"A Micro-Organizational Model for Supporting Knowledge Migration"
 F.H.Lockovsky, C.C.Woo, and L.J.Williams COIS90, pp.194-204
"Supporting Knowledge Migration in Organization",
 L.Willaims & F.H.Lockovsky, IFIP Congress 1989, pp.259-264
"Supproting Deistributed Office Problem Solving in Organizations",
 C.C.Woo & F.H.Lochovsky, ACM Trans. OIS, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 185-204,
 July 1986
"Capturing the Capture Concepts: A Case Study in the Design of
 Computer-Supported Meeting Environments", M.Mantai, CSCW88, pp.257-270

(6)MCC
"Why CSCW Applications Fail: Problems in the Design and Evaluation of
 Organizational Interfaces", J.Grudin, CSCW88, pp. 85-93
"Social evaluation of the user interface: Who does the work and
 who gets the benefit", Prof. of INTERACT'87, pp. 805-811
"Observations on a commercial use of an issue-based information system",
 K.C.B.Yakemovic(NCR) & E.J.Conklin, CSCW90
"interface", J.Grudin, CSCW90
"The Computer Reaches Out: The Historical Continuity of Interface Design",
 J. Grudin, CHI90, April, 1990, pp. 261-268
"Design and use of a group editor", C.A.Ellis, S.J.Gibbs & G.L.Rein,
 Proc. of IFIP Working Conf. on Engineering for HCI, North Holland, 1990

CSCW
----
Post from 1990 concentrating on CSCW:
"Following is a list of papers which members of program comittees
of 'IFIP WG8.4 MultiUser Interface and Applications' write..."

%A L. J. Williams
%A F. H. Lochovsky
%T Supporting Knowledge Migration in Organizations
%D August 1989
%J IFIP89

%A F. H. Lockovsky
%T Managing Office Tasks
%J Proc. IEEE Office Automation Symposium
%D 1987
%P 247-249

%A F. H. Lockovsky
%A J. S. Hogg
%A S. P. Weiser
%A A. O. Mendelson
%O University of Tronto
%T OTM: Specifying office tasks
%J COIS'88
%P 46-55

%A Carson C. Woo
%A F. H. Lockovsky
%T Integrating Procedure - Automation and Problem-solving approacheds
to supporting office work
%P 15-30?
%J IFIP WG8.4 Conference: Method and Tools for Office Systems
%C Pisa
%D 1986

%A Oscar Nierstrasz
%O Univ. of Geneva
%T Message Flow Analysis
%B Office Automation -- concepts and Tools
%E D. Tsichritzis

%A S. Gibbs
%A D. Tsichritzis
%T A data modelling approach for office information systems
%J ACM TOIS
%V 1
%N 4
%D October 1983
%P 299-319

%A D. Tsichritzis
%A E. Fiume
%A S. Gibbs
%A O. Nierstrasz
%T KNOs: KNowledge acquisition, dissemination, and manipulation Objects
%J ACM Trans. on Office Inf. Sys
%V 5
%N 1
%D 1987
%P 96-112

%A D. Tsichritzis
%T Object World
%E D. Tsichritzis
%B Office Automation: Concepts and Tools
%D 1985
%P 379-398

%A D. Tchichritzis
%A S. Christodoulakis
%T Message files
%J ACM TOIS
%V 1
%N 1
%D January 1983
%P 88-99

%A S. Christodoulakis
%A M. Theodozidm
%A F. Ho
%A M. Papa
%A A. Parhria
%T Multimedia Document, Prresenation, Inforamtion Extracting and
Document Formatting in MINO:A Model and a system
%J ACM TOIS
%D 1986

%A W. B. Croft
%T Representing office work with goals and contraints
%J Proc. IFIP WG8.4 Workshop on Office Knowledge: Representaion,
Management and Utilization
%C Toronto
%D 1987
%P 13-18

%A W. B. Croft
%A L. S. Lofkowitz
%O U. Mass
%T Using a planner to support office work
%J COIS'88
%P 55-62

%A W. B. Croft
%A Pasquale Sarino
%T Implementing Ranking Strategies Using Text Signatures
%J ACM TOIS
%O U. Mass and Olivetti
%V 6
%N 1
%D January 1988
%P 44-62

%A W. B. Croft
%A L. Lefkotitz
%T Task support in an office system
%J ACM TOIS
%V 2
%N 3
%P 197-212
%D July 1984

%A W. B. Croft
%A R. Krovetz
%T Interactive retrieval of office documents
%J Proc. ACM COIS'86

%A W. B. Croft
%T Documentation representation in probabilistic models of information retrieval
%J J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci
%V 32
%D 1981
%P 451-457

%A W. B. Croft
%T Boolean queries and term dependencies in probablistic retrieval model
%J J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci
%V 37
%P 71-77
%D 1986

%A Carl Hewitt
%T Toward an Open Systems Architecture
%J IFIP89
%P 389-392
%O MIT AI-lab

%A Najah Naffah
%T The Future of Office Automation
%J IFIP89
%P 745-750
%D August 1989

%A Najah Naffah
%T The Design of Multimedia Open Storage System for the Office
%J Proc. of 2nd Inter. Symp. on Interoperable Information Systems
%D Novemver 1989

%A Giampio Bracchi
%A Maria Grazia Fugini
%T The Future of Office Automation: Advanced Design Techniques for
Office Application
%J IFIP89
%D August 1989
%P 751-752

%A Giampio Bracchi
%A B. Pernici
%T The design requirements of office systems
%J ACM TOIS
%V 2
%D 1984
%P 151-

%A R. Maiocchi
%A B. Pernici
%T Time reasoning in the office environment
%P 223-246
%J IFIP WG8.4 Conference of Methods and Tools for Office Systems
%C Pisa
%D 1986

%A F. Barbic
%A B. Pernici
%T Time modeling in Office Information Systems
%J Proc. ACM SIGMOD
%D May 1985

%A G. Bracchi
%A B. Pernici
%T Trends in Office Modelling
%J Conference TC6
%P 77-78
%B Office Systems
%E Alex Verrigin-Stuart

%A B. Pernici
%T Supporting OIS design through semantic queries
%J COIS'88
%D 1988
%P 276-283

%A Naja Naffah
%A Michel Texier
%A Gabrial Jureidini
%O Bull
%T Intelligent User Interfaces for Advanced Workstations
%J IFIP89
%P 1021-1024
%D August 1989

%A Naja Naffah
%A Michel Texier
%T COCOS architecture and its MMI model
%J 4th Esprit Conference 1987
%D September 1987
%P 1251-1264

%A D. Tsichritzis
%T Object-Oriented Development for Open Systems
%J IFIP89
%D August 1989
%O University of Geneva
%P 1033-1040

%A L. Dami
%A E. Fiume
%A O. Nierstrasz
%A D. Tsichritzis
%T Temporal Scripts for Objects
%B Active Object Environments
%E D. C. Tsichritzis
%P 144-161
%D June 1988
%O University of Geneva

%A O. M. Nierstrasz
%T Active Objects in Hybrid
%J ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Proc. OOPSLA'87
%V 22
%N 12
%P 243-253
%D December 1987

%A D. C. Tsichritzis
%A O. M. Nierstrasz
%T Fitting Round Objects into Square Database
%J Proc. of the European Conference on Object-oriented Programming
%E S. Gjessing
%E K. Nygaard
%B Lecture Notes in Computer Science 322
%P 283-299
%D 1988

%A Kwvin Crowston
%A Tohmas W. Malone
%T Intgelligent Software Agents
%J BYTE
%D December 1988
%P 257

%A T. W. Malone
%T How do people organize their desks: Implications
for the design of office informatin system
%J ACM TOIS
%V 1
%N 1
%D January 1983
%P 99-112

%A Jonathan Grudin
%T Perils and Pitfalls
%J BYTE
%D December 1988
%P 261-264

%A Jonathan Grudin
%A S. F. Ehrlich
%A Rich Sdchriner
%O MCC and Wang
%T Positioning human factors in the user interface development chain
%J CHI+GI'87
%P 125-132

%A Hiroshi Ishii
%A Kazunari Kubota
%T Office Procedure Knowledge Base for Organizational Work Support
%D August 1988
%J IFIP WG8.4 Conference on Office Information Systems: THe desing process
%C Linz

%A Marilyn Mantei
%T Capturing the Capture Lab Concepts: A Case Study in the Desing
of Computer Supported Meeting Environment
%J CSCW'88
%O University of Tronto
%D September 1988

%A M. M. Mantei
%T A study of disorientation behavior in ZOG
%D August 1982

%A Robert Dunham
%A Bonnie M. Johnson
%A Grady McGonagill
%A Margarethe Olson
%A Gerladine M . Weaver
%T Using a Computer Based Tool to Support Collaboration: A Field Experiment
%J CSCW'86
%D 1986
%O New York University(Olson) et al
%P 343-352

%A M. Olson
%A H. Lucus
%T The impact of office automation on the organization:
some implication for reserach and practice
%J CACM
%V 25
%N 11
%D November 1982
%P 838-841

%A Robert W. Root
%T Design of a Multi-Media Vehicle for Social Browsing
%J CSCW'88
%D 1988
%O Bellcore

%A Why CSCW Applications Fail: Problems in the Design and Evaluation
of Organizational Interfaces
%A Jonathan Grudin
%O MCC
%D 1988
%J CSCW'88

%A Cludio Ciborra
%A Margrethe H. Olson
%T Encountering Electronic Work Groups: An Economic Perspective
%O New York University
%J CSCW'88
%D 1988

%A Susanne Bodker
%A Pell Ehn
%A Joergen Knudsen
%A Morten Kyng
%A Kim Madsen
%O Aarhus University
%T Computer Support for Cooperative Design
%D 1988
%J CSCW'88

%A Alex Verrin-Stuart
%T The Design Process
%O Unversity of Leiden
%J Proc. of IFIP WG8.4 of Office Systems: The Design Process
%C Linz
%D 1988

%A D. Mahling
%A W. B. Croft
%O Univerisity of Massattusetts
%J IFIP WG8.4 Conference on Office Information System
%D 1988?

%A T. Mosser
%A F. Lochovsky
%O University of Tronto
%J IFIP WG8.4 Conference on Office Information System
%D 1988?

%A Randall Trigg
%A Lucy Suchman
%A Frank Halasz
%T Supporting Collaboration in NoteCards
%J CSCW'86
%D 1986
%O Xerox

%A F. Halasz
%A T. Moran
%A R. Trigg
%T NoteCards in a nutshell
%J CHI+GI'87
%D April 1987
%P 45-52

%A R. Trigg
%A M. Weiser
%T TEXTNET: A Network-based approach to text handling
%J ACM TOIS
%V 4
%N 1
%D 1986
%P 1-23

%A R. Trigg
%A P. M. Irish
%T Hypertext habitats: Experiences of writers in NoteCards
%J Proc. of Hypertext'87
%D November 1987

%A Lucy Suchman
%A Randall Trigg
%O Xerox
%T A Framework for Studying Research Collaboration
%J CSCW'86
%D 1986
%O Xerox

%A Randall H. Trigg
%T Guided Tours and Tabletops: Tools for Communicating in a
Hypertext Environment
%J CSCW'88
%D September 1988

%A Agustin A. Araya
%A Sanjay Mittal
%T Compiling Design Plans from Descriptions of Artifacts and Problems
Solving Heuristics
%D 1987
%O Xerox PARC
%J IJCAI'87

%A S. Mittal
%A A. Araya
%T A Knowledge Based Framework for Design
%J AAAI-86
%O Xerox PARC

%A C. Ellis
%A G. Nutt
%T Office Information Systems and Computer Science
%J Computing Surveys
%D 1980
%V 12
%N 1

%A K. Crowston
%A T. W. Malone
%A F. Lin
%T Cognitive Science and Organization Design: A Case Study of
Computer Conferencing
%J Human Computer Interaction
%V 3
%N 1
%D 1988

%A T. Malone
%A R. I. Benjamin
%A J. Yates
%T Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies
%J CACM
%V 30
%N 6
%D 1987
%P 484-497

%A Christsos Faloutsuos
%O University of Maryland
%T Integrated Access Methods for Message Using Signature files
%J IFIP WG8.4 Conference of Methods and Tools for Office Systems
%C Pisa
%D 1986
%P 135-157

%A S. Christodoulakis
%A C. Faloutsuos
%T Design Considerations for a message file server
%P 201-210
%J IEEE Trans. Soft. Eng.
%V SE-10
%D 1984

%A C. Faloutsuos
%A S. Christodoulakis
%T Signature files: An access method for documents and its
analytical performance evaluation
%J ACM TOIS
%V 2
%N 4
%D October 1984
%P 267-288

%A C. Faloutsuos
%A S. Christodoulakis
%T Description and performance of signature file emthods for office filing
%J ACM TOIS
%V 5
%N 3
%D July 1987
%P 237-257

%A C. Faloutsuos
%O University of Maryland
%T Signature files: design and perormance comparison of some signature
extraction methods
%J Proc. ACM SIGMOD
%P 63-82
%D May 1985

%A Andrew Clement
%A C. C. Gotlieb
%O York U. & U. Tronto
%T Evolution of an organizational interface: The New Business
Department of a large insurance firm
%P 315-320
%J CHI+GI'87

%A Steve Feiner
%A S. Nagy
%A Van A. Dam
%T An Experimental system for creating and presenting interactive
grahical documents
%J ACM Trans. Graph.
%V 1
%N 1
%D 1982
%O Columbia University
%P 59-77?

%A Steve Feiner
%T Seeing the forest for the trees: Hierarchical display of hypertext structure
%J COIS'88
%P 205-212
%D March 1988

%A Frank Wm Tompa
%T A Data Model for Flexible Hypertext Database systems
%J TOIS
%D January 1989
%P 85-100
%V 7
%N 1

%A Polle Zellweger
%O Xerox PARC
%T Direct paths through collections of multi media docuements
%J Hypertext'87

%A Polle Zellweger
%O Xerox PARC
%T Active paths through multi-media docuements
%J Proc. of Inter. Conf. on Electronic Publishing, Document
Manipulation, and Typography
%D April 1988
%P 19-34

%A C. J. Van Rijsbergen
%B Information Retrieval (2nd ed.)
%D 1979

%A C. J. Van Rijsbergen
%T A non-classical logic for information retrieval
%O U. Glasgow
%J Comput. J.
%V 29
%D 1986
%P 481-485

%A Matthias Jarke
%O Unive. of Passau, Italy
%T Knowledge sharing and negotiation system in multiperson decision
support system
%J Decision Support System
%D 1986
%V 2
%N 1
%P 93-102

%A Rajan Srikanth
%A Matthias Jarke
%T Individual negotiation support on Group DSS
%P 301-324
%J IFIP WG8.4 Conference of Methods and Tools for Office Systems
%C Pisa
%D 1986

%A Alex Verrigin-Stuart
%E Alex Verrigin-Stuart
%T An Analysis of Office Systems Problems
%P 1-10
%B Office systems

%A E. Bertino
%A F. Rabitti
%A S. Gibbs
%T Document query processing strategies: cost evaluation and heuristics
%J COIS'88
%P 169-181
%D 1988

%A Elisa Bertino
%A F. Robitti
%O ESPRIT Multos Project
%T Query processing based on complex object types
%J IEEE Database Eng.
%P 22-29
%D December 1986

%A E. Bertino
%A F. Rabitti
%A S. Gibbs
%A F. Thanos
%A D. Tsichritzis
%T A Multimedia document server
%D August 1986
%P 123-133
%J Proc. of Advanced database Symposium
%I IPSJ
%C Tokyo

%A Sid R. Ahuja
%A J. R. Ensor
%A D. N. Horn
%T The rapport multimedia conferencing system
%J COIS'88
%D 1988

--
Toshihiko YAMAKAMI    NTT Telecommunication Networks Laboratories
 Telephone:    [phone]     FAX:    [phone]
 junet:    [e-mail]        CSNET:    [e-mail]
 snail-mail:    Take 1-2356-523A, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-03 JAPAN



David S. Stodolsky, PhD      Internet: [e-mail]
Inst. of Political Science               Internet: [e-mail]
Univ. of Copenhagen, Rosenborgg. 15            Tel.: + 45 32 97 66 74
DK-1130 Copenhagen K, Denmark                   Fax: + 45 31 59 76 44